FĪLIUM → hijo · fils · figlio
Spanish lost both the f and the l of FĪLIUM, keeping a j that took two sound shifts to reach the throat; French kept the nominative case, which is why its s is still pronounced and its l is not; Italian kept everything, softened. Portuguese and Catalan kept the palatal l (filho, fill); Romanian kept only its glide (fiu).
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FĪLIUM
‘son’
Classical Latin accusative
Classical Latin accusative
French continues the nominative FĪLIUS (Old French subject case filz), which outlived the object case fil
Classical Latin accusative
Classical Latin accusative
Classical Latin accusative
Spanish lost both the f and the l of FĪLIUM, keeping a j that took two sound shifts to reach the throat; French kept the nominative case, which is why its s is still pronounced and its l is not; Italian kept everything, softened. Portuguese and Catalan kept the palatal l (filho, fill); Romanian kept only its glide (fiu).
Forms are written in IPA, the International Phonetic Alphabet: one symbol, one sound. Stressed syllables carry ˈ. Dates are approximate and given only where the handbooks agree. 24 word journeys.