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"bright (full of light)" in seven languages

Meaningbright (full of light)

Spanish

luminoso

/lumiˈnoso/

learned

French

lumineux

/lyminø/

learned

fem.: lumineuse

Italian

luminoso

/lumiˈnoso/

learned

Portuguese

luminoso

/lumiˈnozu/

learned

Claro is just as common for a bright room.

Romanian

luminos

/lumiˈnos/

inherited

fem.: luminoasă

Old Romanian already has it; it may equally be a native derivative of lumină (LŪMINA).

Catalan

lluminós

/ʎumiˈnos/

inherited

English

bright

/bɹaɪt/

native English · Old English beorht

English → Italianbright (full of light)luminosoNot relatedDifferent sources — learn this one fresh. But English has relatives: luminous, illuminate, luminary.What English and Italian share

The Latin ancestor

LŪMINŌSUM‘full of light’

All six sisters descend from it, unless marked otherwise below.

The story

Built on LŪMEN 'light' and the suffix -ŌSUS 'full of', which gives -oso, -eux, -oso and English -ous. For a bright colour, say vivo, vif, vivace.

English relatives: luminous, illuminate, luminary

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In a sentence

  • esEl salón es muy luminoso.
  • frLe salon est très lumineux.
  • itIl soggiorno è molto luminoso.
  • ptA sala é muito luminosa.
  • roSufrageria este foarte luminoasă.
  • caEl menjador és molt lluminós.
  • enThe living room is very bright.

The Latin family

LŪC-, LŪMIN-· light

LŪX survives in Spanish luz and Italian luce, but French lost it and took its 'light' from LŪMINĀRIA instead: lumière. Spanish turned LŪMEN into lumbre 'fire', and built alumbrar 'to light up' on it — a popular doublet of learned iluminar. Portuguese luz sides with Spanish and Italian; Catalan took its 'light' from LŪMEN (llum) and Romanian from the plural LŪMINA (lumină).

  • LŪCEMlight

    esluzitluceptluz

  • LŪMEN (obl. LŪMINE)light, lamp

    eslumbreitlumeptlumerolumecallum

  • LŪMINĀRIAlamps, lights

    esluminariafrlumièreitluminariaptluminária

  • ILLŪMINĀREto light up

    esiluminarfrillumineritilluminareptiluminarroiluminacail·luminarenilluminate

  • LŪMINŌSUMfull of light

    esluminosofrlumineuxitluminosoptluminosoroluminoscalluminósenluminous

  • LŪCIDUMbright, clear

    eslúcidofrlucideitlucidoptlúcidorolucidcalúcidenlucid

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