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"fraud" in seven languages

Meaningfraud

Spanish

fraude

/ˈfɾawde/

masc.learned

Masculine in Spanish: el fraude.

French

fraude

/fʁod/

fem.learned

Italian

frode

/ˈfrɔde/

fem.inherited

Portuguese

fraude

/ˈfɾawdʒi/

fem.learned

Romanian

fraudă

/ˈfrawdə/

fem.learned

Catalan

frau

/fɾaw/

masc.inherited

Catalan dropped the D of FRAUDEM once it was word-final, as in NŪDUM → nu.

English

fraud

/fɹɔd/

from Latin/French · Old French fraude

English → ItalianfraudfrodeCognateSame source — inherited, learned or borrowed. You can recognize it.What English and Italian share

The Latin ancestor

FRAUDEM‘deceit’

All six sisters descend from it, unless marked otherwise below.

The story

Italian frode shows the popular change AU → o (like oro from AURUM); Spanish fraude keeps the Latin diphthong, the mark of a learned word. Watch the gender: el fraude but la fraude, la frode.

English relatives: fraudulent, defraud

Sound laws at work

AU becomes o

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In a sentence

  • esLo acusaron de fraude fiscal.
  • frIl a été accusé de fraude fiscale.
  • itÈ stato accusato di frode fiscale.
  • ptEle foi acusado de fraude fiscal.
  • roA fost acuzat de fraudă fiscală.
  • caEl van acusar de frau fiscal.
  • enHe was accused of tax fraud.

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