"spiritual" in seven languages
Meaningspiritual
Spanish
espiritual
/espiɾiˈtwal/
learned
French
spirituel
/spiʁitɥɛl/
learned
fem.: spirituelle
Also 'witty': un homme spirituel is funny, not necessarily devout.
Italian
spirituale
/spiriˈtwale/
learned
Portuguese
espiritual
/ispiɾituˈaw/
learned
Romanian
spiritual
/spirituˈal/
learned
Catalan
espiritual
/əspiɾituˈal/
learned
English
spiritual
/ˈspɪɹɪtʃuəl/
from Latin/French · Old French spirituel / Latin SPĪRITUĀLIS
English → ItalianspiritualspiritualeCognateSame source — inherited, learned or borrowed. You can recognize it.What English and Italian share
The Latin ancestor
SPĪRITUĀLEM‘of breath, of the spirit’
All six sisters descend from it, unless marked otherwise below.
The story
SPĪRITUS was 'breath' before it was 'soul'. Spanish puts its e- before s + consonant even in learned words; French learned words keep sp- (compare inherited épée).
English relatives: spirit, inspire, respiration
Sound laws at work
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In a sentence
- esPasó por una crisis espiritual.
- frIl a traversé une crise spirituelle.
- itHa attraversato una crisi spirituale.
- ptEle passou por uma crise espiritual.
- roA trecut printr-o criză spirituală.
- caVa passar per una crisi espiritual.
- enHe went through a spiritual crisis.