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"too (excessively)" in seven languages

Meaningtoo (excessively)

Spanish

demasiado

/demaˈsjado/

other source · demás 'besides, too much' (Latin DĒ MAGIS)

French

trop

/tʁo/

inherited

Italian

troppo

/ˈtrɔppo/

inherited

Portuguese

demais

/dʒiˈmajs/

other source · de + mais 'more' (Latin DĒ MAGIS)

After the adjective: quente demais.

Romanian

prea

/pre̯a/

other source · Old Church Slavonic prě- 'over, very'

Catalan

massa

/ˈmasə/

other source · Latin MASSAM 'lump, mass'

Literally 'a mass': massa calent 'too hot'.

English

too

/tu/

native English · Old English tō, the stressed form of 'to'

English → Italiantoo (excessively)troppoNot relatedDifferent sources — learn this one fresh. But English has relatives: troop, troupe (probably).What English and Italian share

The ancestor

Frankish *throp‘heap, crowd’

All six sisters descend from it, unless marked otherwise below.

The story

French and Italian measure excess with a Germanic word for 'heap', found in medieval Latin as troppus 'herd'. Spanish says 'more than (enough)', from DĒ MAGIS.

English relatives: troop, troupe (probably)

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In a sentence

  • esEste café está demasiado caliente.
  • frCe café est trop chaud.
  • itQuesto caffè è troppo caldo.
  • ptEste café está quente demais.
  • roCafeaua asta e prea fierbinte.
  • caAquest cafè està massa calent.
  • enThis coffee is too hot.

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