"cold (illness)" in sette lingue
Significatocold (illness)
Spagnolo
/resfɾiˈado/
m.ereditaria
Also constipado — a false friend: it means 'with a cold', not constipated.
Francese
/ʁym/
m.altra origine · Latin RHEUMA 'flow, catarrh', from Greek
Italiano
/raffredˈdore/
m.ereditaria
Portoghese
/hesfɾiˈadu/
m.ereditaria
In Portugal it is constipação — which does not mean constipation.
Rumeno
/rəˈtʃe̯alə/
f.altra origine · Romanian răci 'to cool', from rece (Latin RECENTEM 'fresh')
Catalano
/rəfɾəˈdat/
m.ereditaria
Inglese
/koʊld/
inglese nativa · Old English cald
L’antenato latino
FRĪGIDUM‘cold’
Tutte e sei le sorelle discendono da questa parola, salvo diversa indicazione qui sotto.
La storia
Spanish and Italian say you have been 'chilled' (frío, freddo, from FRĪGIDUS). French rhume is Greek rheûma 'a flow' — the runny nose — also behind English rheumatism.
Parenti inglesi: frigid; rheumatism (fr)
Imparala
In una frase
- esTengo un resfriado.
- frJ'ai un rhume.
- itHo il raffreddore.
- ptEstou resfriado.
- roAm o răceală.
- caTinc un refredat.
- enI've got a cold.
La famiglia latina
FRĪG-· cold
FRĪGIDUM was squeezed in speech to *FRIGDU, and French and Italian point to a short i (probably under the influence of RIGIDUS 'stiff'), giving froid and freddo; Spanish lost the -g- and the -d- to give frío. Centuries later the full Latin word came back as frígido, frigide, frigido, frigid — 'sexually cold' or 'frozen' in register. Portuguese frio and Catalan fred are inherited too (Catalan, like French and Italian, points to the short i); Romanian says rece, from RECENTEM 'fresh'.
FRĪGIDUMcold
esfríofrfroiditfreddoptfriocafred
FRĪGIDUMcold (learned)
esfrígidofrfrigideitfrigidoptfrígidorofrigidcafrígidenfrigid
REFRĪGERĀREto make cool again
esrefrigerarfrréfrigéreritrefrigerareptrefrigerarrorefrigeracarefrigerarenrefrigerate
FRĪGIDUM (via resfriar)a cold
esresfriadoptresfriado