«to be» en siete lenguas
Significadoto be
Español
/seɾ/
otro origen · probably Latin SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Spanish seer) for the infinitive — some derive it from *ESSERE; most forms (soy, es, era, fui) come from ESSE
Ser is for identity and lasting traits; location and passing states take estar.
Francés
/ɛtʁ/
patrimonial
Old French estre: spoken Latin *ESSERE, with a t slipped in between s and r; the circumflex marks the lost s.
Italiano
/ˈɛssere/
patrimonial
Portugués
/seh/
otro origen · probably Latin SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Portuguese seer) for the infinitive; most forms (sou, é, era, fui) come from ESSE
Rumano
/fi/
otro origen · Latin FIERĪ 'to become'
Only the infinitive is from FIERĪ; sunt, ești, este continue ESSE.
Catalán
/se/
patrimonial
The fuller ésser is the traditional written form; speech says ser.
Inglés
/bi/
inglés patrimonial · Old English bēon
'Is' is a textbook distant cognate of Latin EST (PIE *h₁es-), and 'be' of Latin FUĪ (PIE *bʰuH-).
El antepasado latino
ESSE (spoken Latin *ESSERE)‘to be’
Las seis hermanas descienden de él, salvo que se indique lo contrario abajo.
La historia
Classical ESSE was too short and too odd for an infinitive, so spoken Latin regularized it to *ESSERE — hence être and essere. Spanish probably took its infinitive from SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Spanish seer; disputed), but the conjugation is still mostly ESSE.
Parientes en inglés: essence, essential, absent, present (from forms of ESSE)
Leyes fonéticas en acción
Apréndela
En una frase
- esEs muy alta.
- frElle est très grande.
- itÈ molto alta.
- ptEla é muito alta.
- roEa e foarte înaltă.
- caÉs molt alta.
- enShe is very tall.