«to be» en set llengües
Significatto be
Espanyol
/seɾ/
un altre origen · probably Latin SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Spanish seer) for the infinitive — some derive it from *ESSERE; most forms (soy, es, era, fui) come from ESSE
Ser is for identity and lasting traits; location and passing states take estar.
Francès
/ɛtʁ/
patrimonial
Old French estre: spoken Latin *ESSERE, with a t slipped in between s and r; the circumflex marks the lost s.
Italià
/ˈɛssere/
patrimonial
Portuguès
/seh/
un altre origen · probably Latin SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Portuguese seer) for the infinitive; most forms (sou, é, era, fui) come from ESSE
Romanès
/fi/
un altre origen · Latin FIERĪ 'to become'
Only the infinitive is from FIERĪ; sunt, ești, este continue ESSE.
Català
/se/
patrimonial
The fuller ésser is the traditional written form; speech says ser.
Anglès
/bi/
anglès patrimonial · Old English bēon
'Is' is a textbook distant cognate of Latin EST (PIE *h₁es-), and 'be' of Latin FUĪ (PIE *bʰuH-).
L’avantpassat llatí
ESSE (spoken Latin *ESSERE)‘to be’
Les sis germanes en descendeixen, tret que s’indiqui el contrari a continuació.
La història
Classical ESSE was too short and too odd for an infinitive, so spoken Latin regularized it to *ESSERE — hence être and essere. Spanish probably took its infinitive from SEDĒRE 'to sit' (Old Spanish seer; disputed), but the conjugation is still mostly ESSE.
Parents en anglès: essence, essential, absent, present (from forms of ESSE)
Lleis fonètiques en acció
Aprèn-la
En una frase
- esEs muy alta.
- frElle est très grande.
- itÈ molto alta.
- ptEla é muito alta.
- roEa e foarte înaltă.
- caÉs molt alta.
- enShe is very tall.