«boss» en siete lenguas
Significadoboss
Español
/ˈxefe/
m.préstamo · Old French chef/chief 'head, leader'
fem.: jefa
Francés
/ʃɛf/
m.patrimonial
Le chef is the boss; a cook is a cuisinier (chef cuisinier is the head cook).
Italiano
/ˈkapo/
m.patrimonial
Portugués
/ˈʃɛfi/
m.préstamo · French chef
Rumano
/ʃef/
m.préstamo · French chef
Catalán
/kap/
m.patrimonial
The plain word for 'head' doubles as 'boss', as Italian capo does.
Inglés
/bɔs/
otro origen · Dutch baas
El antepasado latino
CAPUT‘head’
Las seis hermanas descienden de él, salvo que se indique lo contrario abajo.
La historia
The boss is 'the head' in all three. Italian kept CAPUT almost intact; French turned ca- into che-; Spanish imported the French word, its own inherited descendant being cabo (end, cape, corporal).
Parientes en inglés: chief, chef, capital, captain
Leyes fonéticas en acción
Apréndela
En una frase
- esMi jefe está de vacaciones.
- frMon chef est en vacances.
- itIl mio capo è in ferie.
- ptMeu chefe está de férias.
- roȘeful meu e în concediu.
- caEl meu cap és de vacances.
- enMy boss is on holiday.
La familia latina
CAPUT, CAPIT-· head
Classical CAPUT survived in Spanish, French and Italian only as the 'head' of things — cabo 'end, cape', chef 'chief', capo 'boss' — while the body part itself got new words (Spanish and Portuguese cabeza, cabeça from *CAPITIA; French tête and Italian testa from TESTA 'pot'). Romanian and Catalan never let go: cap is still the head on your shoulders. CAPITĀLE 'main property' gave the most surprising doublet: popular caudal and cheptel, English cattle and chattel, beside learned capital.
CAPUThead
escabofrchefitcapoptcaborocapcacapenchief
*CAPITIAhead (spoken Latin)
escabezaptcabeça
CAPITĀLEchief property, stock
escaudalfrcheptelptcabedalcacabalencattle
CAPITĀLEMof the head, principal (learned)
escapitalfrcapitalitcapitaleptcapitalrocapitalcacapitalencapital
CAPITULUMlittle head; heading, chapter
escapítulofrchapitreitcapitoloptcapítulorocapitolcacapítolenchapter