«cold» en set llengües
Significatcold
Espanyol
/ˈfɾio/
patrimonial
Francès
/fʁwa/
patrimonial
Italià
/ˈfreddo/
patrimonial
Portuguès
/ˈfɾiu/
patrimonial
Romanès
/ˈretʃe/
un altre origen · Latin RECENTEM 'fresh'
Català
/fɾet/
patrimonial
Anglès
/koʊld/
anglès patrimonial · Old English cald
L’avantpassat llatí
FRĪGIDUM‘cold’
Les sis germanes en descendeixen, tret que s’indiqui el contrari a continuació.
La història
Spoken Latin shortened the first vowel (probably by analogy with RĬGIDUS), so Italian has freddo with e and French froid with oi; Spanish frío lost the g between vowels.
Parents en anglès: frigid, refrigerator
Aprèn-la
En una frase
- esEl agua está fría.
- frL'eau est froide.
- itL'acqua è fredda.
- ptA água está fria.
- roApa e rece.
- caL'aigua està freda.
- enThe water is cold.
La família llatina
FRĪG-· cold
FRĪGIDUM was squeezed in speech to *FRIGDU, and French and Italian point to a short i (probably under the influence of RIGIDUS 'stiff'), giving froid and freddo; Spanish lost the -g- and the -d- to give frío. Centuries later the full Latin word came back as frígido, frigide, frigido, frigid — 'sexually cold' or 'frozen' in register. Portuguese frio and Catalan fred are inherited too (Catalan, like French and Italian, points to the short i); Romanian says rece, from RECENTEM 'fresh'.
FRĪGIDUMcold
esfríofrfroiditfreddoptfriocafred
FRĪGIDUMcold (learned)
esfrígidofrfrigideitfrigidoptfrígidorofrigidcafrígidenfrigid
REFRĪGERĀREto make cool again
esrefrigerarfrréfrigéreritrefrigerareptrefrigerarrorefrigeracarefrigerarenrefrigerate
FRĪGIDUM (via resfriar)a cold
esresfriadoptresfriado