«cold (illness)» en set llengües
Significatcold (illness)
Espanyol
/resfɾiˈado/
m.patrimonial
Also constipado — a false friend: it means 'with a cold', not constipated.
Francès
/ʁym/
m.un altre origen · Latin RHEUMA 'flow, catarrh', from Greek
Italià
/raffredˈdore/
m.patrimonial
Portuguès
/hesfɾiˈadu/
m.patrimonial
In Portugal it is constipação — which does not mean constipation.
Romanès
/rəˈtʃe̯alə/
f.un altre origen · Romanian răci 'to cool', from rece (Latin RECENTEM 'fresh')
Català
/rəfɾəˈdat/
m.patrimonial
Anglès
/koʊld/
anglès patrimonial · Old English cald
L’avantpassat llatí
FRĪGIDUM‘cold’
Les sis germanes en descendeixen, tret que s’indiqui el contrari a continuació.
La història
Spanish and Italian say you have been 'chilled' (frío, freddo, from FRĪGIDUS). French rhume is Greek rheûma 'a flow' — the runny nose — also behind English rheumatism.
Parents en anglès: frigid; rheumatism (fr)
Aprèn-la
En una frase
- esTengo un resfriado.
- frJ'ai un rhume.
- itHo il raffreddore.
- ptEstou resfriado.
- roAm o răceală.
- caTinc un refredat.
- enI've got a cold.
La família llatina
FRĪG-· cold
FRĪGIDUM was squeezed in speech to *FRIGDU, and French and Italian point to a short i (probably under the influence of RIGIDUS 'stiff'), giving froid and freddo; Spanish lost the -g- and the -d- to give frío. Centuries later the full Latin word came back as frígido, frigide, frigido, frigid — 'sexually cold' or 'frozen' in register. Portuguese frio and Catalan fred are inherited too (Catalan, like French and Italian, points to the short i); Romanian says rece, from RECENTEM 'fresh'.
FRĪGIDUMcold
esfríofrfroiditfreddoptfriocafred
FRĪGIDUMcold (learned)
esfrígidofrfrigideitfrigidoptfrígidorofrigidcafrígidenfrigid
REFRĪGERĀREto make cool again
esrefrigerarfrréfrigéreritrefrigerareptrefrigerarrorefrigeracarefrigerarenrefrigerate
FRĪGIDUM (via resfriar)a cold
esresfriadoptresfriado