« to close » en sept langues
Sensto close
Espagnol
/θeˈraɾ/
autre source · Late Latin SERĀRE 'to bolt' (from SERA 'bar'), its c- probably from cercar 'to fence in'
Français
/fɛʁme/
autre source · Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, secure'
Italien
/ˈkjudere/
héréditaire
Portugais
/feˈʃah/
autre source · from fecho 'bolt, latch', of debated Latin origin
Roumain
/ɨnˈkide/
autre source · Latin INCLŪDERE 'to shut in' (a compound of CLAUDERE)
Catalan
/təŋˈka/
autre source · of uncertain origin
Anglais
/kloʊz/
du latin/français · Old French clore (clos)
Attention : faux amis
fermare (Italien) signifie « to stop » · fermer (Français) signifie « to close, shut »
Both from Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, fix'. Italian holds something still; French makes it fast. Spanish firmar went a third way: 'to sign'.
L’ancêtre latin
CLAUDERE‘to shut’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
Three unrelated words: Italian kept Latin's 'shut', Spanish 'bolted' the door, and French 'made it firm'. CLAUDERE survives in French clore and Spanish clausura — and in English close.
Parents anglais: close, closet, clause, conclude, include (CLAUDERE); firm, affirm (FIRMĀRE)
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esCierra la puerta.
- frFerme la porte.
- itChiudi la porta.
- ptFecha a porta.
- roÎnchide ușa.
- caTanca la porta.
- enClose the door.