« to read » en sept langues
Sensto read
Espagnol
/leˈeɾ/
héréditaire
Français
/liʁ/
héréditaire
Italien
/ˈlɛddʒere/
héréditaire
Portugais
/leh/
héréditaire
Roumain
/tʃiˈti/
autre source · Slavic čisti, čĭtǫ 'to count, read'
Catalan
/ʎəˈʒi/
héréditaire
Anglais
/ɹid/
anglais natif · Old English rǣdan
L’ancêtre latin
LEGERE‘to gather, pick out; to read’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
To read was to gather: LEGERE first meant picking up, then picking out letters. Italian keeps the g; Spanish lost it (leer) and French shrank the word to lire.
Parents anglais: lecture, legible, lectern, legend
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esLeo antes de dormir.
- frJe lis avant de dormir.
- itLeggo prima di dormire.
- ptLeio antes de dormir.
- roCitesc înainte de culcare.
- caLlegeixo abans d'anar a dormir.
- enI read before going to sleep.
La famille latine
LEG-, LĒCT-· gather, read
LEGERE first meant 'to gather, pick', then 'to pick out letters', to read. Both senses survive: leer, lire, leggere for reading, and COLLIGERE 'gather together' in coger, cueillir, cogliere. The lesson family shows a neat doublet: French leçon is inherited, Spanish lección and Italian lezione are learned. Portuguese ler and Catalan llegir read too; Romanian reads with the Slavic citi, but kept the 'gathering' compounds: culege 'to pick' and alege 'to choose'.
LEGEREto gather; to read
esleerfrlireitleggereptlercallegir
LĒCTIŌNEMa reading
eslecciónfrleçonitlezioneptliçãorolecțiecalliçóenlesson
LĒCTŪRAM (Medieval Latin)a reading
eslecturafrlectureitletturaptleiturarolecturăcalecturaenlecture
LĒCTŌREMreader
eslectorfrlecteuritlettoreptleitorrolectorcalectorenlector
COLLIGEREto gather together
escogerfrcueilliritcogliereptcolherroculegecacollirencull
ĒLIGEREto pick out
eselegirfrélireiteleggereptelegerroalegecaelegirenelect