“heavy” em sete línguas
Significadoheavy
Espanhol
/peˈsado/
herdada
Also 'annoying' of people: ¡qué pesado!
Francês
/luʁ/
outra origem · Latin LŪRIDUM 'sallow, ghastly', via a sense 'dull, oafish'
Italiano
/peˈsante/
herdada
Português
/peˈzadu/
herdada
Romeno
/grew/
outra origem · Latin GRAVEM 'heavy' (in a spoken variant with e)
fem.: grea
Catalão
/pəˈzan/
herdada
Inglês
/ˈhɛvi/
inglês nativo · Old English hefig
O ancestral latino
PĒNSĀRE‘to weigh (frequentative of PENDERE)’
As seis irmãs descendem dele, salvo indicação em contrário abaixo.
A história
Spanish and Italian 'heavy' is 'weighed' (PĒNSĀRE, which also gave pensar 'to think' — weighing ideas). French lourd began as Latin LŪRIDUS 'sallow', English lurid.
Parentes em inglês: pensive, poise, compensate (PĒNSĀRE); lurid (LŪRIDUM)
Aprenda
Em uma frase
- esEsta maleta pesa mucho.
- frCette valise est lourde.
- itQuesta valigia è pesante.
- ptEsta mala está pesada.
- roValiza asta e grea.
- caAquesta maleta pesa molt.
- enThis suitcase is heavy.
A família latina
PEND-, PENS-· hang, weigh
PENSĀRE 'to weigh' already lost its n in spoken Latin (NS → S, as in MĒNSA → mesa), giving the inherited pesar, peser, pesare 'to weigh'. The Church and the schools kept the full form for 'weighing things in the mind', and pensar, penser, pensare 'to think' are that learned branch. French even has a third doublet: panser 'to dress (a wound)', originally just a spelling of penser 'to take care of'. Portuguese and Catalan keep both doublets (pesar beside pensar). Romanian kept only the worn-down one, as păsa 'to matter' (nu-mi pasă 'I don't care'), and thinks with gândi, a Hungarian loan.
PENSĀREto weigh
espesarfrpeseritpesareptpesarropăsacapesar
PENSĀREto weigh in the mind, think
espensarfrpenseritpensareptpensarcapensar
PENSUMa weight (of wool)
espesofrpoidsitpesoptpesocapesenpoise
PENSIŌNEMa payment (weighed out)
espensiónfrpensionitpensioneptpensãoropensiecapensióenpension
COMPENSĀREto weigh one thing against another
escompensarfrcompenseritcompensareptcompensarrocompensacacompensarencompensate