«cold (illness)» en siete lenguas
Significadocold (illness)
Español
/resfɾiˈado/
m.patrimonial
Also constipado — a false friend: it means 'with a cold', not constipated.
Francés
/ʁym/
m.otro origen · Latin RHEUMA 'flow, catarrh', from Greek
Italiano
/raffredˈdore/
m.patrimonial
Portugués
/hesfɾiˈadu/
m.patrimonial
In Portugal it is constipação — which does not mean constipation.
Rumano
/rəˈtʃe̯alə/
f.otro origen · Romanian răci 'to cool', from rece (Latin RECENTEM 'fresh')
Catalán
/rəfɾəˈdat/
m.patrimonial
Inglés
/koʊld/
inglés patrimonial · Old English cald
El antepasado latino
FRĪGIDUM‘cold’
Las seis hermanas descienden de él, salvo que se indique lo contrario abajo.
La historia
Spanish and Italian say you have been 'chilled' (frío, freddo, from FRĪGIDUS). French rhume is Greek rheûma 'a flow' — the runny nose — also behind English rheumatism.
Parientes en inglés: frigid; rheumatism (fr)
Apréndela
En una frase
- esTengo un resfriado.
- frJ'ai un rhume.
- itHo il raffreddore.
- ptEstou resfriado.
- roAm o răceală.
- caTinc un refredat.
- enI've got a cold.
La familia latina
FRĪG-· cold
FRĪGIDUM was squeezed in speech to *FRIGDU, and French and Italian point to a short i (probably under the influence of RIGIDUS 'stiff'), giving froid and freddo; Spanish lost the -g- and the -d- to give frío. Centuries later the full Latin word came back as frígido, frigide, frigido, frigid — 'sexually cold' or 'frozen' in register. Portuguese frio and Catalan fred are inherited too (Catalan, like French and Italian, points to the short i); Romanian says rece, from RECENTEM 'fresh'.
FRĪGIDUMcold
esfríofrfroiditfreddoptfriocafred
FRĪGIDUMcold (learned)
esfrígidofrfrigideitfrigidoptfrígidorofrigidcafrígidenfrigid
REFRĪGERĀREto make cool again
esrefrigerarfrréfrigéreritrefrigerareptrefrigerarrorefrigeracarefrigerarenrefrigerate
FRĪGIDUM (via resfriar)a cold
esresfriadoptresfriado