« excuse » en sept langues
Sensexcuse
Espagnol
/eksˈkusa/
fém.savant
To apologize, Spanish more often uses disculpa.
Français
/ɛkskyz/
fém.savant
In the plural it means 'apology': présenter ses excuses.
Italien
/ˈskuza/
fém.héréditaire
Also the everyday 'sorry!': scusa! (scusi! formally).
Portugais
/dʒisˈkuwpɐ/
fém.autre source · Portuguese desculpar, built on Latin CULPA 'fault'
Also the everyday 'sorry!': desculpa! Escusa exists but is formal.
Roumain
/ˈskuzə/
fém.emprunté · Italian scusa and French excuse
Catalan
/əksˈkuzə/
fém.savant
To apologize, Catalan says disculpa or perdó.
Anglais
/ɪkˈskjus/
du latin/français · Old French escuse
The noun ends in s, the verb in z.
L’ancêtre latin
EXCŪSĀRE‘to free from a charge’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
EX + CAUSA: to take someone 'out of the case'. Italian wore the ex- away entirely and made scusa its everyday word for 'sorry'.
Parents anglais: cause, accuse, excusable
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esEso no es excusa.
- frCe n'est pas une excuse.
- itNon è una scusa.
- ptIsso não é desculpa.
- roAsta nu e o scuză.
- caAixò no és cap excusa.
- enThat's no excuse.
La famille latine
CAUS-· cause, case
CAUSA 'reason, lawsuit' became the ordinary Romance word for 'thing': cosa, chose, cosa — a 'matter' in the legal sense, generalized. The learned doublet causa, cause kept the original meaning, and the courtroom sense lives on in accuse and excuse. Portuguese coisa (Old Portuguese cousa) and Catalan cosa followed; Romanian says lucru, from LUCRUM 'gain'.
CAUSAMcause; case → thing
escosafrchoseitcosaptcoisacacosa
CAUSAMcause (learned)
escausafrcauseitcausaptcausarocauzăcacausaencause
CAUSĀRĪ (Med. Lat. CAUSĀRE)to plead a case; to cause
escausarfrcauseritcausareptcausarrocauzacacausarencause
ACCŪSĀREto call to account
esacusarfraccuseritaccusareptacusarroacuzacaacusarenaccuse
EXCŪSĀREto free from a charge
esexcusarfrexcuseritscusareptescusarroscuzacaexcusarenexcuse
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