« excuse me » en sept langues
Sensexcuse me
Espagnol
/disˈkulpe/
autre source · Spanish disculpar 'to un-blame', from culpa ← Latin CULPAM 'fault'
Français
/ɛkskyze mwa/
savant
Italien
/ˈskuzi/
héréditaire
Formal (Lei); to a friend: scusa.
Portugais
/kõ liˈsẽsɐ/
autre source · Latin LICENTIAM 'permission' ('with permission')
Roumain
/skuˈzatsʲ/
emprunté · Italian scusare / French excuser
Catalan
/pərˈdoni/
autre source · Late Latin PERDŌNĀRE 'to forgive'
Anglais
/ɪkˈskjuz mi/
du latin/français · Old French escuser
L’ancêtre latin
EXCŪSĀRE‘to free from a charge (EX + CAUSA)’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
French and Italian 'un-accuse' you (EXCŪSĀRE, from CAUSA 'charge'): Italian inherited it and dropped the ex-, French took it back from written Latin. Spanish 'un-blames' you instead: dis- + culpa.
Parents anglais: excuse, accuse, cause; culpable (es)
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esDisculpe, ¿dónde está la estación?
- frExcusez-moi, où est la gare ?
- itScusi, dov'è la stazione?
- ptCom licença, onde fica a estação?
- roScuzați, unde e gara?
- caPerdoni, on és l'estació?
- enExcuse me, where is the station?
La famille latine
CAUS-· cause, case
CAUSA 'reason, lawsuit' became the ordinary Romance word for 'thing': cosa, chose, cosa — a 'matter' in the legal sense, generalized. The learned doublet causa, cause kept the original meaning, and the courtroom sense lives on in accuse and excuse. Portuguese coisa (Old Portuguese cousa) and Catalan cosa followed; Romanian says lucru, from LUCRUM 'gain'.
CAUSAMcause; case → thing
escosafrchoseitcosaptcoisacacosa
CAUSAMcause (learned)
escausafrcauseitcausaptcausarocauzăcacausaencause
CAUSĀRĪ (Med. Lat. CAUSĀRE)to plead a case; to cause
escausarfrcauseritcausareptcausarrocauzacacausarencause
ACCŪSĀREto call to account
esacusarfraccuseritaccusareptacusarroacuzacaacusarenaccuse
EXCŪSĀREto free from a charge
esexcusarfrexcuseritscusareptescusarroscuzacaexcusarenexcuse
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