« this » en sept langues
Sensthis
Espagnol
/ˈeste/
héréditaire
fém.: esta
Plural estos, estas; the neuter esto means 'this (thing)'.
Français
/sə/
héréditaire
fém.: cette
From Old French cest (ECCE ISTUM); cet before a vowel (cet ami), plural ces for both genders.
Italien
/ˈkwesto/
héréditaire
fém.: questa
From ECCU(M) ISTUM 'look, this'.
Portugais
/ˈestʃi/
héréditaire
fém.: esta
In Brazilian speech esse has largely taken over: essa música 'this song'.
Roumain
/aˈtʃest/
héréditaire
fém.: această
From ECCE ISTUM. After the noun it becomes acesta (cântecul acesta), in speech ăsta.
Catalan
/əˈket/
héréditaire
fém.: aquesta
From ECCUM ISTUM, like Italian questo.
Anglais
/ðɪs/
anglais natif · Old English þis
L’ancêtre latin
ISTUM‘this (one) of yours’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
Classical HIC 'this' died out, and ISTE, once 'that one near you', moved closer to the speaker. Spanish kept it bare; French and Italian (and Romanian, Catalan) glued ECCE / ECCUM 'look!' in front: ce, questo. It agrees with the noun: esta canción, cette chanson, questa canzone.
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esMe gusta esta canción.
- frJ'aime bien cette chanson.
- itMi piace questa canzone.
- ptGosto muito desta música.
- roÎmi place cântecul ăsta.
- caM'agrada aquesta cançó.
- enI like this song.