« perfect » en sept langues
Sensperfect
Espagnol
/peɾˈfekto/
savant
Français
/paʁfɛ/
héréditaire
Italien
/perˈfɛtto/
héréditaire
Portugais
/pehˈfejtu/
héréditaire
Latin -CT- became -it- in Portuguese: PERFECTUM → perfeito, NOCTEM → noite.
Roumain
/perˈfekt/
savant
Catalan
/pəɾˈfɛktə/
savant
Anglais
/ˈpɝfɪkt/
du latin/français · Old French parfit, respelled after Latin perfectus
L’ancêtre latin
PERFECTUM‘finished, complete (participle of PERFICERE)’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
CT shows the split: French parfait has the it of fait, Italian perfetto the tt of fatto, but Spanish perfecto keeps the Latin cluster because it is the learned form. English respelled Middle English parfit to look Latin.
Parents anglais: perfection, perfectly
Lois phonétiques à l’œuvre
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esNadie es perfecto.
- frPersonne n'est parfait.
- itNessuno è perfetto.
- ptNinguém é perfeito.
- roNimeni nu e perfect.
- caNingú no és perfecte.
- enNobody is perfect.
La famille latine
FAC-, FACT-· do, make
FACERE is the busiest verb in Latin, and its participle FACTUM split cleanly in two: worn down in speech to hecho, fait, fatto, and borrowed back intact by scholars as fact, factual, faction. Spanish adds a twist of its own, turning Latin F- into a silent h- (Old Spanish fazer, fecho). Portuguese feito and Catalan fet vocalize the cluster as French does, while Romanian, true to the Eastern branch, turns -CT- into -pt-: fapt.
FACEREto do, make
eshacerfrfaireitfareptfazerrofacecafer
FACTUMdone; a deed
eshechofrfaititfattoptfeitorofaptcafetenfact
PERFECTUMcompleted, perfect
esperfectofrparfaititperfettoptperfeitoroperfectcaperfecteenperfect
FACTIŌNEMa making; a party, faction
frfaçonptfeiçãoenfashion
FACTIŌNEMa party, faction (learned)
esfacciónfrfactionitfazioneptfacçãorofacțiunecafaccióenfaction
FACTŪRAMa making, workmanship
esfacturafrfactureitfatturaptfaturarofacturăcafactura