Lois phonétiques · Loi 15 · Groupes consonantiques
CT
CT
Les explications sont pour l’instant en anglais ; les exemples sont dans toutes les langues.
Espagnol
ch [tʃ]
Français
it (i + t)
Italien
tt
Portugais
it (i + t)
Roumain
pt
Catalan
it, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)
Ce qui s’est passé
In the western half of the Romance world, the k of CT weakened to a palatal glide [j], giving it. Spanish then fused i + t into the affricate ch; French and Portuguese kept the i as part of a vowel or diphthong (nuit, noite; lait, leite), and Catalan mostly absorbed it into the vowel (nit, fet). Italian took the other road and assimilated k to the t, giving a double tt. Romanian turned the k into a lip consonant: CT → pt (see velar-to-labial).
Exemples
| Latin | Italien | Espagnol | Français | Portugais | Roumain | Catalan | Parent anglais |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOCTEM‘night’ | notte | noche | nuit | noite | noapte | nit | nocturnal |
| OCTŌ‘eight’ | otto | ocho | huit | oito | opt | vuit | octave |
| LACTEM (classical LAC)‘milk’ | latte | leche | lait | leite | lapte | llet | lactose |
| FACTUM‘done, deed’ | fatto | hecho | fait | feito | fapt | fet | fact |
| TĒCTUM‘roof’ | tetto | techo | toit | teto | — | — | |
| LECTUM‘bed’ | letto | lecho | lit | leito | — | llit |
Clé de lecture
Spanish ch = Italian tt = French and Portuguese it = Romanian pt: noche, notte, nuit, noite, noapte; ocho, otto, huit, oito, opt. English often shows the original ct: nocturnal, octave, fact.
Exceptions
Learned words keep ct (or c) everywhere: nocturno, lácteo, acto; nocturne, lactique; notturno, lattico. Spanish lecho and Portuguese leito are now literary for 'bed' (cama is everyday). Portuguese teto (older tecto) has lost the i after e; Romanian fapt is a noun, 'fact, deed'.
Voir la transformation: NOCTEM
Dans votre lexique
- good nightbuenas nochesbonne nuitbuonanotteboa noitenoapte bunăbona nit
- chestpechopoitrinepettopeitopieptpit
- milklechelaitlatteleitelaptellet
- fruitfrutafruitfruttafrutafructfruita
- bedcamalitlettocamapatllit
- rooftejadotoittettotelhadoacoperișteulada
- right (side)derechadroitedestradireitadreaptădreta
- nightnochenuitnottenoitenoaptenit
- date (day of the month)fechadatedatadatadatădata
- Octoberoctubreoctobreottobreoutubrooctombrieoctubre
- midnightmedianocheminuitmezzanottemeia-noitemiez de noaptemitjanit
- eightochohuitottooitooptvuit
- eightyochentaquatre-vingtsottantaoitentaoptzecivuitanta
- painterpintorpeintrepittorepintorpictorpintor
- treatment (medical)tratamientotraitementtrattamentotratamentotratamenttractament
- to fight, to strugglelucharse battrelottarelutarluptalluitar
- to treat (someone)tratartraitertrattaretratartratatractar
- to suspectsospecharsoupçonnersospettaresuspeitarbănuisospitar