« to say, to tell » en sept langues
Sensto say, to tell
Espagnol
/deˈθiɾ/
héréditaire
Français
/diʁ/
héréditaire
Italien
/ˈdire/
héréditaire
Short for older dicere, whose stem returns in dico, dicevo, detto.
Portugais
/dʒiˈzeh/
héréditaire
Roumain
/ˈzitʃe/
héréditaire
Just as common is spune, from EXPŌNERE 'to set out'.
Catalan
/di/
héréditaire
Anglais
/seɪ/
anglais natif · Old English secgan
L’ancêtre latin
DĪCERE‘to say’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
French and Italian both shrank DĪCERE to dire; Spanish kept the c (as θ) and moved the verb to the -ir class. The past participles are triplets: dicho, dit, detto (DICTUM).
Parents anglais: diction, dictate, predict, verdict, contradict
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- es¿Qué ha dicho?
- frQu'est-ce qu'il a dit ?
- itCosa ha detto?
- ptO que ele disse?
- roCe-a zis?
- caQuè ha dit?
- enWhat did he say?
La famille latine
DĪC-, DICT-· say
DĪCERE and its participle DICTUM gave the everyday 'say' and 'said' in all three sisters. The learned branch kept -CT- (dictar, dicter, dictionary), and Italian shows the Latin -CT- → -tt- rule in both its inherited detto and its inherited-looking dettare. Romanian zice turns D before i into z, as it regularly does (DEUM → zeu 'god').
DĪCEREto say
esdecirfrdireitdireptdizerrozicecadir
DICTUMsaid; a saying
esdichofrdititdettoptditocaditenditto
DICTĀREto say repeatedly, dictate
esdictarfrdicteritdettareptditarrodictacadictarendictate
DICTIŌNĀRIUM (Medieval Latin)a book of words
esdiccionariofrdictionnaireitdizionarioptdicionáriorodicționarcadiccionariendictionary
BENEDĪCEREto speak well of, bless
esbendecirfrbéniritbenedireptbendizercabeneirenbenediction