« heavy » en sept langues
Sensheavy
Espagnol
/peˈsado/
héréditaire
Also 'annoying' of people: ¡qué pesado!
Français
/luʁ/
autre source · Latin LŪRIDUM 'sallow, ghastly', via a sense 'dull, oafish'
Italien
/peˈsante/
héréditaire
Portugais
/peˈzadu/
héréditaire
Roumain
/grew/
autre source · Latin GRAVEM 'heavy' (in a spoken variant with e)
fém.: grea
Catalan
/pəˈzan/
héréditaire
Anglais
/ˈhɛvi/
anglais natif · Old English hefig
L’ancêtre latin
PĒNSĀRE‘to weigh (frequentative of PENDERE)’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
Spanish and Italian 'heavy' is 'weighed' (PĒNSĀRE, which also gave pensar 'to think' — weighing ideas). French lourd began as Latin LŪRIDUS 'sallow', English lurid.
Parents anglais: pensive, poise, compensate (PĒNSĀRE); lurid (LŪRIDUM)
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esEsta maleta pesa mucho.
- frCette valise est lourde.
- itQuesta valigia è pesante.
- ptEsta mala está pesada.
- roValiza asta e grea.
- caAquesta maleta pesa molt.
- enThis suitcase is heavy.
La famille latine
PEND-, PENS-· hang, weigh
PENSĀRE 'to weigh' already lost its n in spoken Latin (NS → S, as in MĒNSA → mesa), giving the inherited pesar, peser, pesare 'to weigh'. The Church and the schools kept the full form for 'weighing things in the mind', and pensar, penser, pensare 'to think' are that learned branch. French even has a third doublet: panser 'to dress (a wound)', originally just a spelling of penser 'to take care of'. Portuguese and Catalan keep both doublets (pesar beside pensar). Romanian kept only the worn-down one, as păsa 'to matter' (nu-mi pasă 'I don't care'), and thinks with gândi, a Hungarian loan.
PENSĀREto weigh
espesarfrpeseritpesareptpesarropăsacapesar
PENSĀREto weigh in the mind, think
espensarfrpenseritpensareptpensarcapensar
PENSUMa weight (of wool)
espesofrpoidsitpesoptpesocapesenpoise
PENSIŌNEMa payment (weighed out)
espensiónfrpensionitpensioneptpensãoropensiecapensióenpension
COMPENSĀREto weigh one thing against another
escompensarfrcompenseritcompensareptcompensarrocompensacacompensarencompensate