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« to think » en sept langues

Sensto think

Espagnol

pensar

/penˈsaɾ/

savant

Semi-learned, yet it diphthongizes like an old word: pienso, piensas.

Français

penser

/pɑ̃se/

savant

Italien

pensare

/penˈsare/

savant

Portugais

pensar

/pẽˈsah/

savant

The inherited doublet is pesar 'to weigh'.

Roumain

gândi

/ɡɨnˈdi/

autre source · Hungarian gond 'care, worry'

Catalan

pensar

/pənˈsa/

savant

Anglais

think

/θɪŋk/

anglais natif · Old English þencan

Anglais → Italiento thinkpensareSans lienSources différentes — celui-ci s’apprend de zéro. Mais l’anglais a des mots apparentés : pensive, pension, compensate, expensive.Ce que partagent le anglais et le italien

L’ancêtre latin

PĒNSĀRE‘to weigh, ponder’

Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.

L’histoire

Thinking was weighing. The inherited heirs of PĒNSĀRE lost the n and still mean 'to weigh' (pesar, peser, pesare); pensar, penser and pensare are the semi-learned doublets that kept it.

Parents anglais: pensive, pension, compensate, expensive

L’apprendre

S’entraîner avec le paquet Verbes essentielsLe faire deviner à un ami

Dans une phrase

  • es¿Qué piensas?
  • frQu'est-ce que tu en penses ?
  • itCosa ne pensi?
  • ptO que você pensa disso?
  • roTu ce crezi?
  • caQuè en penses?
  • enWhat do you think?

La famille latine

PEND-, PENS-· hang, weigh

PENSĀRE 'to weigh' already lost its n in spoken Latin (NS → S, as in MĒNSA → mesa), giving the inherited pesar, peser, pesare 'to weigh'. The Church and the schools kept the full form for 'weighing things in the mind', and pensar, penser, pensare 'to think' are that learned branch. French even has a third doublet: panser 'to dress (a wound)', originally just a spelling of penser 'to take care of'. Portuguese and Catalan keep both doublets (pesar beside pensar). Romanian kept only the worn-down one, as păsa 'to matter' (nu-mi pasă 'I don't care'), and thinks with gândi, a Hungarian loan.

  • PENSĀREto weigh

    espesarfrpeseritpesareptpesarropăsacapesar

  • PENSĀREto weigh in the mind, think

    espensarfrpenseritpensareptpensarcapensar

  • PENSUMa weight (of wool)

    espesofrpoidsitpesoptpesocapesenpoise

  • PENSIŌNEMa payment (weighed out)

    espensiónfrpensionitpensioneptpensãoropensiecapensióenpension

  • COMPENSĀREto weigh one thing against another

    escompensarfrcompenseritcompensareptcompensarrocompensacacompensarencompensate

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