« to have » en sept langues
Sensto have
Espagnol
/teˈneɾ/
autre source · Latin TENĒRE 'to hold'
Haber (← HABĒRE) survives as the auxiliary (he comido) and in hay 'there is'; possession went to tener.
Français
/avwaʁ/
héréditaire
Italien
/aˈvere/
héréditaire
The h of ho, hai, ha, hanno is pure spelling, kept to tell ho 'I have' from o 'or'.
Portugais
/teh/
autre source · Latin TENĒRE 'to hold'
Roumain
/aˈve̯a/
héréditaire
Catalan
/təˈni/
autre source · Latin TENĒRE 'to hold'
Haver, from HABĒRE, survives as the auxiliary (he menjat 'I have eaten').
Anglais
/hæv/
anglais natif · Old English habban
Despite the look-alike, 'have' is not related to HABĒRE; its Latin distant cognate is CAPERE 'to take'.
L’ancêtre latin
HABĒRE‘to have, hold’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
French and Italian kept HABĒRE for both 'own' and the perfect auxiliary (j'ai mangé, ho mangiato). Spanish split the job: haber builds tenses, while 'having' passed to tener, literally 'to hold'.
Parents anglais: habit, inhabit, exhibit (HABĒRE); tenant, tenacious, retain (TENĒRE)
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esTengo dos hermanos.
- frJ'ai deux frères.
- itHo due fratelli.
- ptTenho dois irmãos.
- roAm doi frați.
- caTinc dos germans.
- enI have two brothers.