Lleis fonètiques · Llei 27 · Terminacions

-ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio

-ĀRIUM, -ĀRIAM

De moment, les explicacions d’aquesta secció són en anglès; els exemples són en totes les llengües.

Espanyol

-ero, -era

Francès

-ier, -ière

Italià

-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere

Portuguès

-eiro, -eira

Romanès

-ar, -are (căldare)

Català

-er, -era

Què va passar

In -ARIU the yod jumped into the syllable before (-airo), and the resulting ai then went separate ways. Portuguese kept it as -eiro; Spanish and Catalan closed it to e (-ero, -er); French gave -ier; Tuscan Italian dropped the r and kept -aio. Romanian never moved the yod and has plain -ar (căldare). The suffix stayed productive for trades, containers and places in all six.

Exemples

Llatí	Italià	Espanyol	Francès	Portuguès	Romanès	Català	Parent anglès
CABALLĀRIUM‘horseman → knight’	cavaliere	caballero	chevalier	cavaleiro	—	cavaller
CALDĀRIAM‘cauldron, boiler (ro căldare 'bucket')’	caldaia	caldera	chaudière	caldeira	căldare	caldera
IANUĀRIUM‘January’	gennaio	enero	janvier	janeiro	—	gener	January
OPERĀRIUM‘worker’	operaio	obrero	ouvrier	obreiro	—	obrer
GRĀNĀRIUM‘granary’	granaio	granero	grenier	—	—	graner	granary

Descodificador

Spanish -ero = Portuguese -eiro = Catalan -er = French -ier = Italian -aio: caballero, cavaleiro, cavaller, chevalier. For learned words expect -ario, -aire, -ário, -ari instead.

Excepcions

Italian -iere comes from Gallo-Romance (cavaliere, cameriere), and Rome and the south say -aro (benzinaro). Learned words have -ario, -aire, -ario, -ário, -ari, English -ary: salario, salaire, salario, salário, salari, salary; Romanian salariu is a modern borrowing.

Què va passar

Exemples

Descodificador

Excepcions

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