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Lleis fonètiques · Llei 28 · Terminacions

Adverbs in -mente / -ment

ablative MENTE 'with a … mind'

De moment, les explicacions d’aquesta secció són en anglès; els exemples són en totes les llengües.

Espanyol

-mente

Francès

-ment

Italià

-mente

Portuguès

-mente

Romanès

— (the bare adjective serves: vorbește clar)

Català

-ment

Què va passar

Latin phrases like CLĀRĀ MENTE 'with a clear mind' were reanalysed as 'in a clear way', and MENTE became an adverb suffix in the western sisters and Italian. Because MENS was feminine, the adjective stands in the feminine: claramente, clairement, chiaramente, clarament. French and Catalan dropped the final vowel as usual (-ment). Romanian never adopted the suffix: it uses the masculine adjective as the adverb (clar, încet).

Exemples

LlatíItaliàEspanyolFrancèsPortuguèsRomanèsCatalà
CLĀRĀ MENTE‘clearly’chiaramenteclaramenteclairementclaramente—clarament
SŌLĀ MENTE‘only’solamentesolamenteseulementsomente—solament
LENTĀ MENTE‘slowly’lentamentelentamentelentementlentamente—lentament
FIRMĀ MENTE‘firmly’fermamentefirmementefermementfirmemente—fermament

Descodificador

Take the feminine adjective and add -mente (es, it, pt) or -ment (fr, ca): lenta → lentamente; lente → lentement; lenta → lentament. For Romanian, just use the adjective.

Excepcions

French adjectives in -ant, -ent give -amment, -emment (constamment, prudemment). Italian drops -e after l and r (facilmente, regolarmente). Spanish keeps the written accent of the adjective (rápidamente) where Portuguese drops it (rapidamente); Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan can share one suffix in a series (clara y concisamente, clara i concisament).

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