« bad » en sept langues
Sensbad
Espagnol
/ˈmalo/
héréditaire
Shortens to mal before a masculine noun: mal tiempo.
Français
/movɛ/
autre source · spoken Latin *MALIFĀTIUM 'ill-fated' (MALUM + FĀTUM)
Italien
/katˈtivo/
autre source · Latin CAPTĪVUM 'captive', from Christian CAPTĪVUS DIABOLĪ 'the devil's prisoner'
Portugais
/maw/
héréditaire
fém.: má
In Brazil, everyday 'bad, poor quality' is often ruim; mau leans to 'bad, evil'.
Roumain
/rəw/
autre source · Latin REUM 'accused, guilty'
fém.: rea
Catalan
/duˈlen/
autre source · Latin DOLENTEM 'suffering, grieving'
Mal also exists before nouns: mal temps 'bad weather'.
Anglais
/bæd/
anglais natif · Middle English badde, of uncertain origin
Attention : faux amis
cautivo (Espagnol) signifie « captive » · cattivo (Italien) signifie « bad, naughty »
Both from Latin CAPTĪVUM 'captive'. Christian Latin spoke of the soul captive of the devil (captīvus diabolī), and Italian cattivo slid from 'captive' to 'wicked'. French chétif 'puny' is a third outcome.
L’ancêtre latin
MALUM‘bad’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
Only Spanish kept plain MALUS as its adjective. French 'bad' is 'ill-fated', and Italian cattivo was once a prisoner — of the devil. English caitiff 'wretch' is its cognate.
Parents anglais: malice, malady, malevolent (MALUM); captive, caitiff (CAPTĪVUM)
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esHace mal tiempo.
- frIl fait mauvais.
- itFa brutto tempo.
- ptEstá fazendo mau tempo.
- roVremea e rea.
- caFa mal temps.
- enThe weather is bad.