« cold » en sept langues
Senscold
Espagnol
/ˈfɾio/
héréditaire
Français
/fʁwa/
héréditaire
Italien
/ˈfreddo/
héréditaire
Portugais
/ˈfɾiu/
héréditaire
Roumain
/ˈretʃe/
autre source · Latin RECENTEM 'fresh'
Catalan
/fɾet/
héréditaire
Anglais
/koʊld/
anglais natif · Old English cald
L’ancêtre latin
FRĪGIDUM‘cold’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
Spoken Latin shortened the first vowel (probably by analogy with RĬGIDUS), so Italian has freddo with e and French froid with oi; Spanish frío lost the g between vowels.
Parents anglais: frigid, refrigerator
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esEl agua está fría.
- frL'eau est froide.
- itL'acqua è fredda.
- ptA água está fria.
- roApa e rece.
- caL'aigua està freda.
- enThe water is cold.
La famille latine
FRĪG-· cold
FRĪGIDUM was squeezed in speech to *FRIGDU, and French and Italian point to a short i (probably under the influence of RIGIDUS 'stiff'), giving froid and freddo; Spanish lost the -g- and the -d- to give frío. Centuries later the full Latin word came back as frígido, frigide, frigido, frigid — 'sexually cold' or 'frozen' in register. Portuguese frio and Catalan fred are inherited too (Catalan, like French and Italian, points to the short i); Romanian says rece, from RECENTEM 'fresh'.
FRĪGIDUMcold
esfríofrfroiditfreddoptfriocafred
FRĪGIDUMcold (learned)
esfrígidofrfrigideitfrigidoptfrígidorofrigidcafrígidenfrigid
REFRĪGERĀREto make cool again
esrefrigerarfrréfrigéreritrefrigerareptrefrigerarrorefrigeracarefrigerarenrefrigerate
FRĪGIDUM (via resfriar)a cold
esresfriadoptresfriado