« song » en sept langues
Senssong
Espagnol
/kanˈθjon/
fém.savant
Usually classed as semi-learned: popular -TIŌNEM gave -zón, as in razón.
Français
/ʃɑ̃sɔ̃/
fém.héréditaire
Italien
/kanˈtsone/
fém.héréditaire
Portugais
/ˈmuzikɐ/
fém.autre source · Latin MŪSICA (from Greek mousikḗ)
Canção (CANTIŌNEM) exists but sounds poetic; Brazilians call a song a música.
Roumain
/ˈkɨntek/
neutreautre source · Latin CANTICUM 'song' (from CANERE, the same root)
Catalan
/kənˈso/
fém.héréditaire
Catalan drops final -n after a stressed vowel: CANTIŌNEM → cançó.
Anglais
/sɔŋ/
anglais natif · Old English sang
L’ancêtre latin
CANTIŌNEM‘singing, song (from CANERE 'to sing')’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
French chanson shows the popular fate of -TIŌNEM (-son, as in raison) and of ca- (cha-); Spanish canción kept the Latin ending.
Parents anglais: chant, canto, cantor, incantation
Lois phonétiques à l’œuvre
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esEsta canción es preciosa.
- frCette chanson est magnifique.
- itQuesta canzone è bellissima.
- ptEssa música é linda.
- roCântecul ăsta e frumos.
- caAquesta cançó és preciosa.
- enThis song is beautiful.
La famille latine
CAN-, CANT-· sing
CANERE 'to sing' was replaced in speech by its frequentative CANTĀRE, which survives everywhere. French palatalized CA- to cha- (chanter, chanson, enchanter), and English borrowed those French shapes; Spanish and Italian kept the hard c. Portuguese and Catalan kept the hard c too; Romanian cânta raised the a before n to â.
CANTĀREto sing
escantarfrchanteritcantareptcantarrocântacacantarenchant
CANTIŌNEMsong
escanciónfrchansonitcanzoneptcançãocacançó
CANTUMa song, singing
escantofrchantitcantoptcantorocântcacantencanto
INCANTĀREto sing a spell over
esencantarfrenchanteritincantareptencantarroîncântacaencantarenenchant
ACCENTUMa 'singing to', intonation
esacentofraccentitaccentoptacentoroaccentcaaccentenaccent