« to lead (be in charge of) » en sept langues
Sensto lead (be in charge of)
Espagnol
/diɾiˈxiɾ/
savant
Liderar, from English leader, is common in journalism.
Français
/diʁiʒe/
savant
Italien
/diˈridʒere/
savant
Portugais
/dʒiɾiˈʒih/
savant
In Brazil dirigir also means 'to drive a car'.
Roumain
/konˈdutʃe/
autre source · Latin CONDŪCERE 'to lead together' (a modern borrowing, after French conduire)
Catalan
/diɾiˈʒi/
savant
Anglais
/lid/
anglais natif · Old English lǣdan
L’ancêtre latin
DĪRIGERE‘to set straight, direct’
Les six sœurs en descendent, sauf indication contraire ci-dessous.
L’histoire
To lead a team, the sisters 'direct' it: a learned verb whose g took each language's soft sound (x, ʒ, dʒ). Its participle DĪRĒCTUM went the popular way: Spanish derecho, French droit, Italian diritto 'straight; right'.
Parents anglais: direct, director, direction, address
Lois phonétiques à l’œuvre
L’apprendre
Dans une phrase
- esDirige un equipo de diez personas.
- frElle dirige une équipe de dix personnes.
- itDirige una squadra di dieci persone.
- ptEla dirige uma equipe de dez pessoas.
- roConduce o echipă de zece oameni.
- caDirigeix un equip de deu persones.
- enShe leads a team of ten people.
La famille latine
DĪRIG-, DĪRĒCT-· set straight, guide
DĪRĒCTUM 'set straight' became the everyday Romance word for 'straight', 'right' and 'law' (spoken *DERECTU → derecho, droit, diritto). The learned doublet directo, direct, diretto kept the sense 'without detour'. French also built a verb on it that English borrowed as dress and address. Romanian drept 'straight; right; law' shows the Eastern -CT- → -pt-.
DĪRĒCTUMstraight; right; law
esderechofrdroititdirittoptdireitorodreptcadret
DĪRĒCTUMdirect (learned)
esdirectofrdirectitdirettoptdiretorodirectcadirecteendirect
DĪRĒCTIŌNEMa straightening, guiding
esdirecciónfrdirectionitdirezioneptdireçãorodirecțiecadireccióendirection
DĪRIGEREto set straight, steer
esdirigirfrdirigeritdirigereptdirigirrodirijacadirigir
*DĪRĒCTIĀREto set straight
esaderezarfrdresseritdrizzareptendereçarcaadreçarendress
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- to breakrompercasserromperequebrarspargetrencar
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- to receiverecibirrecevoirriceverereceberprimirebre