Leggi fonetiche · Legge 3 · Vocali
French stressed free A becomes e
A (stressed, open syllable)
Per ora le spiegazioni sono in inglese; gli esempi sono in tutte le lingue.
Spagnolo
a (kept)
Francese
e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)
Italiano
a (kept)
Portoghese
a (kept)
Rumeno
a (kept); â before n (câine)
Catalano
a (kept)
Cosa è successo
In northern Gaul, a stressed A ending its syllable lengthened and fronted until it became an e, in the centuries before the first French texts; the other five sisters kept the a. After a consonant that had turned palatal (the ch from CA, see ca-to-cha) the result was ie instead (Bartsch's law): CANEM → chien. In most such words the i later disappeared after ch, so CARUM gave Old French chier, today cher.
Esempi
| Latino | Italiano | Spagnolo | Francese | Portoghese | Rumeno | Catalano | Parente inglese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MARE‘sea’ | mare | mar | mer | mar | mare | mar | marine |
| PATREM‘father’ | padre | padre | père | pai | — | pare | paternal |
| SALEM‘salt’ | sale | sal | sel | sal | sare | sal | saline |
| PRĀTUM‘meadow’ | prato | prado | pré | prado | — | prat | |
| NĀVEM‘ship’ | nave | nave | nef | nau | — | nau | nave |
| CANEM‘dog’ | cane | can | chien | cão | câine | ca | canine |
| CĀRUM‘dear’ | caro | caro | cher | caro | — | car |
Chiave di decodifica
A French stressed e, è or é before a single consonant (or at the end) often hides an a: mer, père, pré → mar/mare, padre/pare, prado/prato. After ch, look for ca: chien, cher → cane, caro.
Eccezioni
Before a nasal the A gave ai instead (PANEM → pain, MANUM → main, AMAT → aime). In a closed syllable it stayed a (PARTEM → part, CARRUM → char), and learned words keep a (natal, salaire). Spanish can and Catalan ca are literary or regional for dog; everyday Spanish says perro and Central Catalan gos.
Nella tua banca di parole
- mothermadremèremadremãemamămare
- fatherpadrepèrepadrepaitatăpare
- brotherhermanofrèrefratelloirmãofrategermà
- liplabiolèvrelabbrolábiobuzăllavi
- saltsalselsalesalsaresal
- seamarmermaremarmaremar
- wingalaailealaasaaripăala
- the pastpasadopassépassatopassadotrecutpassat
- light (of a colour)claroclairchiaroclarodeschisclar
- to loveamaraimeramareamariubiestimar
- to singcantarchantercantarecantarcântacantar
- expensive; dearcarochercarocaroscumpcar
- clearclaroclairchiaroclaroclarclar
- whichcuálquelqualequalcarequin