Leggi fonetiche · Legge 4 · Vocali
French fronts long U to [y]
Ū
Per ora le spiegazioni sono in inglese; gli esempi sono in tutte le lingue.
Spagnolo
u [u] (kept)
Francese
u [y]
Italiano
u [u] (kept)
Portoghese
u [u] (kept)
Rumeno
u [u] (kept)
Catalano
u [u] (kept)
Cosa è successo
Latin long Ū stayed [u] in every sister but French, which moved it forward in the mouth, keeping the lips rounded: the tongue position of i with the lips of u, which is [y]. It happened in the early Middle Ages; a Gaulish-substrate origin is often proposed but remains disputed. The spelling never changed, so French u looks the same as its sisters' and sounds different.
Esempi
| Latino | Italiano | Spagnolo | Francese | Portoghese | Rumeno | Catalano | Parente inglese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LŪNAM‘moon’ | luna | luna | lune | lua | lună | lluna | lunar |
| MŪRUM‘wall’ | muro | muro | mur | muro | — | mur | mural |
| PŪRUM‘pure’ | puro | puro | pur | puro | — | pur | pure |
| DŪRUM‘hard’ | duro | duro | dur | duro | — | dur | |
| MŪTUM‘mute (fr muet, a diminutive)’ | muto | mudo | muet | mudo | mut | mut | mute |
| MŪLAM‘she-mule’ | mula | mula | mule | mula | — | mula | mule |
| ACŪTUM‘sharp’ | acuto | agudo | aigu | agudo | — | agut | acute |
Chiave di decodifica
A u in any sister's word that French shares is French u [y], not ou: luna, lua, lună → lune; muro, mur → mur. Round your lips for u and say i.
Eccezioni
Latin short Ŭ is a different story: it merged with long O and gives o in Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Catalan and ou or eu in French (CŬRTUM → corto, court, corto; GŬLAM → Italian gola, French gueule); Romanian alone kept it as u (GŬLAM → gură). French ou [u] therefore rarely comes from Latin Ū.
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