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Leggi fonetiche · Legge 4 · Vocali

French fronts long U to [y]

Ū

Per ora le spiegazioni sono in inglese; gli esempi sono in tutte le lingue.

Spagnolo

u [u] (kept)

Francese

u [y]

Italiano

u [u] (kept)

Portoghese

u [u] (kept)

Rumeno

u [u] (kept)

Catalano

u [u] (kept)

Cosa è successo

Latin long Ū stayed [u] in every sister but French, which moved it forward in the mouth, keeping the lips rounded: the tongue position of i with the lips of u, which is [y]. It happened in the early Middle Ages; a Gaulish-substrate origin is often proposed but remains disputed. The spelling never changed, so French u looks the same as its sisters' and sounds different.

Esempi

LatinoItalianoSpagnoloFrancesePortogheseRumenoCatalanoParente inglese
LŪNAM‘moon’lunalunalunelualunăllunalunar
MŪRUM‘wall’muromuromurmuro—murmural
PŪRUM‘pure’puropuropurpuro—purpure
DŪRUM‘hard’durodurodurduro—dur
MŪTUM‘mute (fr muet, a diminutive)’mutomudomuetmudomutmutmute
MŪLAM‘she-mule’mulamulamulemula—mulamule
ACŪTUM‘sharp’acutoagudoaiguagudo—agutacute

Chiave di decodifica

A u in any sister's word that French shares is French u [y], not ou: luna, lua, lună → lune; muro, mur → mur. Round your lips for u and say i.

Eccezioni

Latin short Ŭ is a different story: it merged with long O and gives o in Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Catalan and ou or eu in French (CŬRTUM → corto, court, corto; GŬLAM → Italian gola, French gueule); Romanian alone kept it as u (GŬLAM → gură). French ou [u] therefore rarely comes from Latin Ū.

Guardala in azione: MŪRUM

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