Lleis fonètiques · Llei 10 · Consonants

French CA becomes cha

De moment, les explicacions d’aquesta secció són en anglès; els exemples són en totes les llengües.

Espanyol

ca kept

Francès

cha, che, chie [ʃ]

Italià

ca kept

Portuguès

ca kept

Romanès

ca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)

Català

ca kept

Què va passar

In early French, k before a was pulled forward to the palate, as it already had been before e and i, giving tʃ, which simplified to ʃ in the 13th century. The other five sisters kept a plain k. The vowel after it often changed too (see free-a), so cha-, che- and chie- all come from Latin CA. G before A did the same in French, giving j [ʒ]: VL GAMBA → jambe, beside Italian gamba.

Exemples

Llatí	Italià	Espanyol	Francès	Portuguès	Romanès	Català	Parent anglès
CABALLUM‘horse’	cavallo	caballo	cheval	cavalo	cal	cavall	cavalry
CANTĀRE‘to sing’	cantare	cantar	chanter	cantar	cânta	cantar	chant
CAMPUM‘field’	campo	campo	champ	campo	câmp	camp	camp
CAPRAM‘goat’	capra	cabra	chèvre	cabra	capră	cabra
VACCAM‘cow’	vacca	vaca	vache	vaca	vacă	vaca
CASAM‘hut → house; French 'at the home of'’	casa	casa	chez	casa	casă	casa

Descodificador

French ch- before a vowel? Try c- in every sister: chanter → cantar, cantare, cânta; champ → campo, câmp, camp. Expect the French vowel to differ.

Excepcions

Norman and Picard French kept k, so English borrowed both versions: catch (Norman) and chase (Parisian), cattle and chattel. Learned and later borrowings keep ca in French too (capital, canal, cavalier from Italian).

Mira com passa: CABALLUM

Què va passar

Exemples

Descodificador

Excepcions

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