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Legi fonetice · Legea 2 · Vocale

Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eu

Ŏ (stressed)

Deocamdată, explicațiile de aici sunt în engleză; exemplele sunt în toate limbile.

Spaniolă

ue (open and closed syllables)

Franceză

eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)

Italiană

uo (open syllable); o (closed)

Portugheză

o [ɔ] (no diphthong)

Română

o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)

Catalană

o [ɔ] (no diphthong)

Ce s-a întâmplat

The counterpart of the open-e change: Latin short Ŏ became an open [ɔ], which under stress split into a rising diphthong. Spanish made it ue in every stressed syllable; Italian made it uo only in open syllables. French also diphthongized it in open syllables, but its uo then fronted and fused into the single rounded vowel written eu or œu ([ø], [œ]). Portuguese and Catalan kept a plain open [ɔ]; Romanian kept o but broke it into oa when an a or e followed in the next syllable (poartă, moarte), a change that also caught long Ō (FLŌREM → floare).

Exemple

LatinăItalianăSpaniolăFrancezăPortughezăRomânăCatalanăRudă în engleză
NOVUM‘new’nuovonuevoneufnovonounounovel
FOCUM‘hearth → fire’fuocofuegofeufogofocfocfocus
OVUM‘egg’uovohuevoœufovoououoval
PORTAM‘door, gate’portapuertaporteportapoartăportaportal
FORTEM‘strong (ro foarte 'very')’fortefuertefortfortefoartefortfort
MORTEM‘death’mortemuertemortmortemoartemortmortal

Decodor

Spanish ue in a stressed syllable is Latin o: try o in Portuguese, Catalan, and in Italian and French when a consonant cluster follows (puerta → porta, porte), uo and eu when a single consonant follows (nuevo → nuovo, neuf). Romanian oa is the same o before a or e: poartă = porta.

Excepții

A following yod blocks the Spanish diphthong (NOCTEM → noche, OCULUM → ojo, FOLIAM → hoja), and a nasal blocks the French one (BONUM → bueno, bon, buono). Italian has holdouts (NOVEM → nove, beside nueve, neuf), and modern Italian often drops the u after a palatal (figliolo, spagnolo). Portuguese marks the open vowel only by pronunciation (novo [ˈnovu] but nova [ˈnɔvɐ], by metaphony). Learned words keep o (novela, moral).

Vezi-o în acțiune: FOCUM

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