Lois phonétiques · Loi 27 · Finales
-ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio
-ĀRIUM, -ĀRIAM
Les explications sont pour l’instant en anglais ; les exemples sont dans toutes les langues.
Espagnol
-ero, -era
Français
-ier, -ière
Italien
-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere
Portugais
-eiro, -eira
Roumain
-ar, -are (căldare)
Catalan
-er, -era
Ce qui s’est passé
In -ARIU the yod jumped into the syllable before (-airo), and the resulting ai then went separate ways. Portuguese kept it as -eiro; Spanish and Catalan closed it to e (-ero, -er); French gave -ier; Tuscan Italian dropped the r and kept -aio. Romanian never moved the yod and has plain -ar (căldare). The suffix stayed productive for trades, containers and places in all six.
Exemples
| Latin | Italien | Espagnol | Français | Portugais | Roumain | Catalan | Parent anglais |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CABALLĀRIUM‘horseman → knight’ | cavaliere | caballero | chevalier | cavaleiro | — | cavaller | |
| CALDĀRIAM‘cauldron, boiler (ro căldare 'bucket')’ | caldaia | caldera | chaudière | caldeira | căldare | caldera | |
| IANUĀRIUM‘January’ | gennaio | enero | janvier | janeiro | — | gener | January |
| OPERĀRIUM‘worker’ | operaio | obrero | ouvrier | obreiro | — | obrer | |
| GRĀNĀRIUM‘granary’ | granaio | granero | grenier | — | — | graner | granary |
Clé de lecture
Spanish -ero = Portuguese -eiro = Catalan -er = French -ier = Italian -aio: caballero, cavaleiro, cavaller, chevalier. For learned words expect -ario, -aire, -ário, -ari instead.
Exceptions
Italian -iere comes from Gallo-Romance (cavaliere, cameriere), and Rome and the south say -aro (benzinaro). Learned words have -ario, -aire, -ario, -ário, -ari, English -ary: salario, salaire, salario, salário, salari, salary; Romanian salariu is a modern borrowing.
Dans votre lexique
- rent (money paid for a home)alquilerloyeraffittoaluguelchirielloguer
- neighbourhood, districtbarrioquartierquartierebairrocartierbarri
- passengerpasajeropassagerpasseggeropassageiropasagerpassatger
- pathsenderosentiersentierotrilhapotecăsender
- steelaceroacieracciaioaçooțelacer
- trail, footpathsenderosentiersentierotrilhapotecăsender
- Januaryenerojanviergennaiojaneiroianuariegener
- Februaryfebrerofévrierfebbraiofevereirofebruariefebrer
- calendarcalendariocalendriercalendariocalendáriocalendarcalendari
- firstprimeropremierprimoprimeiroprimprimer
- moneydineroargentsoldidinheirobanidiners
- worker (manual, factory)obreroouvrieroperaiooperáriomuncitorobrer
- bakerpanaderoboulangerfornaiopadeirobrutarforner
- careercarreracarrièrecarrieracarreiracarierăcarrera
- primaryprimarioprimaireprimarioprimárioprimarprimari