Lleis fonètiques · Llei 22 · Grups consonàntics

Italian assimilates clusters

PT, PS, X [ks], MN

De moment, les explicacions d’aquesta secció són en anglès; els exemples són en totes les llengües.

Espanyol

simplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or s

Francès

simplified or lost: pt → t; x → s

Italià

assimilated: tt, ss, ss, nn

Portuguès

simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]

Romanès

pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, ps

Català

simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]

Què va passar

Italian made the first consonant of a cluster identical to the second, producing a double consonant held a little longer: PT → tt, PS and X (ks) → ss, MN → nn, and CT → tt (see ct). Spanish, French, Portuguese and Catalan simplified the same clusters instead, or turned them into new sounds; Romanian kept PT and MN as they were and even created new ones (see velar-to-labial). The result is that Italian double consonants often mark a Latin cluster the other sisters have lost.

Exemples

Llatí	Italià	Espanyol	Francès	Portuguès	Romanès	Català	Parent anglès
SEPTEM‘seven’	sette	siete	sept	sete	șapte	set	September
SOMNUM‘sleep’	sonno	sueño	somme	sono	somn	son	somnolent
SCRĪPTUM‘written’	scritto	escrito	écrit	escrito	—	escrit	script
FRAXINUM‘ash tree’	frassino	fresno	frêne	freixo	frasin	freixe
DĪXIT‘he said’	disse	dijo	dit	disse	zise	—

Descodificador

An Italian tt or ss where Spanish, Portuguese or Catalan has a single t or s often hides pt, ct or x: sette ~ siete, sete, set; scritto ~ escrito. Romanian and English often keep the cluster: șapte, somn; September, script.

Excepcions

Learned words resist: Italian keeps ps in psicologia and Spanish ct in acto. French sept is spelled with p but says [sɛt]. Spanish sueño blends SOMNUM 'sleep' and SOMNIUM 'dream', and French somme now means 'nap'. Romanian scris 'written' is built on a new participle (*SCRĪSUM), and Catalan says va dir or digué for 'he said'.

Mira com passa: SEPTEM

Què va passar

Exemples

Descodificador

Excepcions

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