Leyes fonéticas · Ley 22 · Grupos consonánticos

Italian assimilates clusters

PT, PS, X [ks], MN

Por ahora, las explicaciones de esta sección están en inglés; los ejemplos están en todas las lenguas.

Español

simplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or s

Francés

simplified or lost: pt → t; x → s

Italiano

assimilated: tt, ss, ss, nn

Portugués

simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]

Rumano

pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, ps

Catalán

simplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]

Qué ocurrió

Italian made the first consonant of a cluster identical to the second, producing a double consonant held a little longer: PT → tt, PS and X (ks) → ss, MN → nn, and CT → tt (see ct). Spanish, French, Portuguese and Catalan simplified the same clusters instead, or turned them into new sounds; Romanian kept PT and MN as they were and even created new ones (see velar-to-labial). The result is that Italian double consonants often mark a Latin cluster the other sisters have lost.

Ejemplos

Latín	Italiano	Español	Francés	Portugués	Rumano	Catalán	Pariente en inglés
SEPTEM‘seven’	sette	siete	sept	sete	șapte	set	September
SOMNUM‘sleep’	sonno	sueño	somme	sono	somn	son	somnolent
SCRĪPTUM‘written’	scritto	escrito	écrit	escrito	—	escrit	script
FRAXINUM‘ash tree’	frassino	fresno	frêne	freixo	frasin	freixe
DĪXIT‘he said’	disse	dijo	dit	disse	zise	—

Descodificador

An Italian tt or ss where Spanish, Portuguese or Catalan has a single t or s often hides pt, ct or x: sette ~ siete, sete, set; scritto ~ escrito. Romanian and English often keep the cluster: șapte, somn; September, script.

Excepciones

Learned words resist: Italian keeps ps in psicologia and Spanish ct in acto. French sept is spelled with p but says [sɛt]. Spanish sueño blends SOMNUM 'sleep' and SOMNIUM 'dream', and French somme now means 'nap'. Romanian scris 'written' is built on a new participle (*SCRĪSUM), and Catalan says va dir or digué for 'he said'.

Míralo en acción: SEPTEM

Qué ocurrió

Ejemplos

Descodificador

Excepciones

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