Lleis fonètiques · Llei 16 · Grups consonàntics

L + yod

LI, LE + vowel

De moment, les explicacions d’aquesta secció són en anglès; els exemples són en totes les llengües.

Espanyol

j [x]

Francès

il, ill [j]

Italià

gli [ʎʎ]

Portuguès

lh [ʎ]

Romanès

i [j] (the l lost)

Català

ll [ʎ]

Què va passar

In spoken Latin, an unstressed I or E before another vowel became a glide [j] (yod), and L + j merged into a palatal l, [ʎ]. Italian kept it, doubled between vowels, and Portuguese (lh) and Catalan (ll) kept it single. French later lost the lateral, leaving the glide [j], still spelled -il, -ill-, and Romanian did the same (foaie, pai). Spanish hardened ʎ to ʒ, devoiced it to ʃ and pushed it back to [x], the same road as medial CL.

Exemples

Llatí	Italià	Espanyol	Francès	Portuguès	Romanès	Català	Parent anglès
FOLIAM‘leaf (ro foaie 'sheet')’	foglia	hoja	feuille	folha	foaie	fulla	foliage
FĪLIAM‘daughter’	figlia	hija	fille	filha	—	filla	filial
ALIUM‘garlic’	aglio	ajo	ail	alho	ai	all
PALEAM‘straw’	paglia	paja	paille	palha	pai	palla
MELIŌREM‘better’	migliore	mejor	meilleur	melhor	—	millor	ameliorate
CONSILIUM‘counsel, advice’	consiglio	consejo	conseil	conselho	—	consell	counsel

Descodificador

Italian gli = Portuguese lh = Catalan ll = Spanish j = French ill/il: foglia, folha, fulla, hoja, feuille; aglio, alho, all, ajo, ail. Romanian has just i: foaie, ai.

Excepcions

French fils comes from the nominative FĪLIUS, not FĪLIUM, so it shows no palatal (and its l is silent). Romanian ai 'garlic' is now mostly usturoi in everyday speech. Learned words keep li: filial, conciliar, auxiliar.

Mira com passa: FĪLIUM

Què va passar

Exemples

Descodificador

Excepcions

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