Italià per a qui parla francès
Ja saps més italià del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.708 tenen un cognat en francès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
- comparteixen origen
- 75 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 30 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 25 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en francès i en italià venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en francès en el seu cognat en italià: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpierrepietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMneufnuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMluneluna
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)oAURUMororo
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentvowel + n keptPĀNEMpainpane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostmostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvievita
- C before E and Is (c, ç)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielcielo
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjeugioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvino
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- [gw]Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMautrealtro
- CTit (i + t)ttNOCTEMnuitnotte
- L + yodil, ill [j]gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefoglia
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]cchi [kkj]OCULUMœilocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)chi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMcléchiave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUMananno
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMétoilestella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMseptsette
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMlouplupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tàCĪVITĀTEMcitécittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMraisonragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaliere
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementchiaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilfilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln keptLĀNAMlainelana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)tt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌhuitotto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpainpane
Falsos amics a vigilar
fermare (Italià) vol dir «to stop» · fermer (Francès) vol dir «to close, shut»
Both from Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, fix'. Italian holds something still; French makes it fast. Spanish firmar went a third way: 'to sign'.
presto (Italià) vol dir «soon, early» · prêt (Francès) vol dir «ready»
Both from Latin PRAESTŌ 'at hand' (Late Latin adjective PRAESTUS). French kept 'ready'; Italian 'right away' → 'soon'. The two languages crossed with pronto.
magasin (Francès) vol dir «shop» · magazzino (Italià) vol dir «warehouse»
Both from Arabic makhāzin 'storehouses', which entered Romance through Italian; French magasin moved from 'storehouse' to 'shop'. Spanish almacén took the Arabic directly, article and all.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què l’italià ha seguit el seu propi camí.