Italià per a qui parla portuguès
Ja saps més italià del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.637 tenen un cognat en portuguès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en portuguès → italià i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 72 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 26 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 28 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en portuguès i en italià venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en portuguès en el seu cognat en italià: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong)ie (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpedrapietra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)uo (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnovonuovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlualuna
- AU becomes oou (said [o] in Brazil)oAURUMourooro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)vowel + n keptPĀNEMpãopane
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filhofiglio
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d gmostly kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavita
- C before E and Is (c, ç); z [z] between vowelstʃ (c)CAELUMcéucielo
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavalocavallo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]gi, g [dʒ]IOCUMjogogioco
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinhovino
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)gu- [gw]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in Brazill kept (altro, caldo)ALTERUMoutroaltro
- CTit (i + t)ttNOCTEMnoitenotte
- L + yodlh [ʎ]gli [ʎʎ]FOLIAMfolhafoglia
- C'L inside a wordlh [ʎ]cchi [kkj]OCULUMolhoocchio
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordch- [ʃ]chi- pi- fi-CLĀVEMchavechiave
- NN, GN and N + yodnh [ɲ]; NN → nnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ANNUManoanno
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept; takes lo, gli)STELLAMestrelastella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]assimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnSEPTEMsetesette
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, n-o, -a, -e keptLUPUMlobolupo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (from the nominative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loboslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-dade (-tade after a consonant)-tàCĪVITĀTEMcidadecittà
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gioneRATIŌNEMrazãoragione
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-eiro, -eira-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iereCABALLĀRIUMcavaleirocavaliere
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclaramentechiaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianlost (céu, fio, cor)l keptFĪLUMfiofilo
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelslost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)n keptLĀNAMlãlana
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, x [ʃ], nh; qu, gutt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)OCTŌoitootto
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)t, d, s keptDĪCEREdizerdire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordnasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)n kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)PĀNEMpãopane
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què l’italià ha seguit el seu propi camí.