Il portoghese per chi parla francese
Sai già più portoghese di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.528 hanno un’affine in francese: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su francese → portoghese e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 67%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 23%
- da imparare da zero
- 33%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in francese e in portoghese vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in francese nella sua affine in portoghese: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpierrepedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMneufnovo
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept)MAREmermar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelua
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)ou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMorouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentnasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpainpão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostb (v) d gVĪTAMvievida
- C before E and Is (c, ç)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcielcéu
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca keptCABALLUMchevalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjeujogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerreguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaual → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMautreoutro
- CTit (i + t)it (i + t)NOCTEMnuitnoite
- L + yodil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfeuillefolha
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]lh [ʎ]OCULUMœilolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)ch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcléchave
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)es-STELLAMétoileestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptFESTAMfêtefesta
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → ssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMseptsete
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMlouplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcitécidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMraisonrazão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-eiro, -eiraCABALLĀRIUMchevaliercavaleiro
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairementclaramente
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptlost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfilfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowellost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlainelã
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌhuitoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptkept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREdiredizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpainpão
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il portoghese ha fatto di testa sua.