Il portoghese per chi parla rumeno
Sai già più portoghese di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.278 hanno un’affine in rumeno: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su rumeno → portoghese e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 56%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 11%
- da imparare da zero
- 44%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in rumeno e in portoghese vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in rumeno nella sua affine in portoghese: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounovo
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălua
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedou (said [o] in Brazil)AURUMaurouro
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel or diphthong too (pão, bom, fim)PĀNEMpâinepão
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufilho
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d gVĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); z [z] between vowelsCAELUMcercéu
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavalo
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjogo
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvinho
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)al → ou, oi in some words (outro, foice); written l elsewhere, said [w] in BrazilALTERUMaltoutro
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenoite
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)lh [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefolha
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]lh [ʎ]OCULUMochiolho
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptch- [ʃ]CLĀVEMcheiechave
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)nh [ɲ]; NN → nANNUManano
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrela
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ss or ix [jʃ]SEPTEMșaptesete
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonant-o, -a, -e kept (said [u], [ɐ], [i]); -e dropped after a single r, l, s, z, nLUPUMluplobo
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupilobos
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-dade (-tade after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcetatecidade
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ção (learned and inherited alike: nação, razão)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)razão
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-eiro, -eiraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldeira
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)lost (céu, fio, cor)FĪLUMfirfio
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)lost, nasalizing the vowel (lã, mão); later often oral (lua, boa) or nh (vinho)LĀNAMlânălã
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, x [ʃ], nh; qu, guOCTŌoptoito
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]kept; t, d said [tʃ], [dʒ] before i in Brazil (dia)DĪCEREzicedizer
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)nasal vowel or diphthong (pão, vinho, bom)PĀNEMpâinepão
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il portoghese ha fatto di testa sua.