Il catalano per chi parla italiano
Sai già più catalano di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.699 hanno un’affine in italiano: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su italiano → catalano e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 75%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 29%
- da imparare da zero
- 25%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in italiano e in catalano vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in italiano nella sua affine in catalano: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpietrapedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnuovonou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunalluna
- AU becomes oooAURUMoroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptoral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpanepa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)b (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvitavida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcielocel
- French CA becomes chaca keptca keptCABALLUMcavallocavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinovi
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerraguerra
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)l kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMaltroaltre
- CTttit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnottenit
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfogliafulla
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]ll [ʎ]OCULUMocchioull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchiaveclau
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUMannoany
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)es-STELLAMstellaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptFESTAMfestafesta
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMsetteset
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e keptdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlupollop
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupillops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-tatCĪVITĀTEMcittàciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMragioneraó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-er, -eraCABALLĀRIUMcavalierecavaller
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclarament
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlanallana
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌottovuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpanepa
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
mare (Catalano) significa “mother” · mare (Italiano) significa “sea”
Coincidence. Catalan mare is MĀTREM worn down (as pare is PATREM); Italian mare is Latin MARE 'sea'. Romanian mare is 'sea' too — and also 'big'.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il catalano ha fatto di testa sua.