Il catalano per chi parla rumeno
Sai già più catalano di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.312 hanno un’affine in rumeno: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su rumeno → catalano e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 58%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 12%
- da imparare da zero
- 42%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in rumeno e in catalano vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in rumeno nella sua affine in catalano: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)e [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)PETRAMpiatrăpedra
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)o [ɔ] (no diphthong)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)a (kept)MAREmaremar
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunălluna
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedoAURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)oral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)PĀNEMpâinepa
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufill
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)b (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)VĪTAMvităvida
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)CAELUMcercel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)ca keptCABALLUMcalcavall
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)merged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of ValenciaVĪNUMvinvi
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l kept (altre, falç)ALTERUMaltaltre
- CTptit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)NOCTEMnoaptenit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)ll [ʎ]FOLIAMfoaiefulla
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]ll [ʎ]OCULUMochiull
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclau
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ny [ɲ], also from NN (any)ANNUManany
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)es-STELLAMsteaestrella
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcoastăcosta
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]SEPTEMșapteset
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clustersLUPUMlupllop
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupillops
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-tatCĪVITĀTEMcetateciutat
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)RATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raó
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-er, -eraCALDĀRIAMcăldarecaldera
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)LĀNAMlânăllana
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, guOCTŌoptvuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedir
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)lost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)PĀNEMpâinepa
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il catalano ha fatto di testa sua.