Il francese per chi parla rumeno
Sai già più francese di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.329 hanno un’affine in rumeno: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su rumeno → francese e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 59%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 12%
- da imparare da zero
- 41%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in rumeno e in francese vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in rumeno nella sua affine in francese: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiatrăpierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunălune
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedo (spelled o or au)AURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpâinepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvităvie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcerciel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)cha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcalcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltautre
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenuit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)il, ill [j]FOLIAMfoaiefeuille
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]il, ill [j]OCULUMochiœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclé
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMsteaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)COSTAMcoastăcôte
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMșaptesept
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMluploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-téCĪVITĀTEMcetatecité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-ier, -ièreCALDĀRIAMcăldarechaudière
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlânălaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌopthuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpâinepain
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il francese ha fatto di testa sua.