Francès per a qui parla italià
Ja saps més francès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.708 tenen un cognat en italià: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
- comparteixen origen
- 75 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 30 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 25 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en italià i en francès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en italià en el seu cognat en francès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie (open syllable); e (closed)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpietrapierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euuo (open syllable); o (closed)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnuovoneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunalune
- AU becomes ooo (spelled o or au)AURUMoroor
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n keptnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpanepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)figliofils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenmostly kept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvitavie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcielociel
- French CA becomes chaca keptcha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcavallocheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Igi, g [dʒ]j, g [ʒ]IOCUMgiocojeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinovin
- Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-gu- [gw]g(u)- [g]Germanic *WERRAguerraguerre
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altro, caldo)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltroautre
- CTttit (i + t)NOCTEMnottenuit
- L + yodgli [ʎʎ]il, ill [j]FOLIAMfogliafeuille
- C'L inside a wordcchi [kkj]il, ill [j]OCULUMocchioœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordchi- pi- fi-cl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMchiaveclé
- NN, GN and N + yodnn kept; GN, NI → gn [ɲɲ]gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUMannoan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept; takes lo, gli)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMstellaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)FESTAMfestafête
- Italian assimilates clustersassimilated: tt, ss, ss, nnsimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMsettesept
- Final vowels-o, -a, -e keptdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMlupoloup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (from the nominative)-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tà-téCĪVITĀTEMcittàcité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-zione (learned); inherited -zzone or -gione-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMragioneraison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-aio, -aia (Tuscan); also -aro, -iere-ier, -ièreCABALLĀRIUMcavalierechevalier
- Adverbs in -mente / -ment-mente-mentCLĀRĀ MENTEchiaramenteclairement
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptl keptFĪLUMfilofil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn keptn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlanalaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialstt, ss, gn; qu, gu (assimilated or kept)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌottohuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptt, d, s keptDĪCEREdiredire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept, final vowel kept (pane, vino)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpanepain
Falsos amics a vigilar
fermare (Italià) vol dir «to stop» · fermer (Francès) vol dir «to close, shut»
Both from Latin FIRMĀRE 'to make firm, fix'. Italian holds something still; French makes it fast. Spanish firmar went a third way: 'to sign'.
presto (Italià) vol dir «soon, early» · prêt (Francès) vol dir «ready»
Both from Latin PRAESTŌ 'at hand' (Late Latin adjective PRAESTUS). French kept 'ready'; Italian 'right away' → 'soon'. The two languages crossed with pronto.
magasin (Francès) vol dir «shop» · magazzino (Italià) vol dir «warehouse»
Both from Arabic makhāzin 'storehouses', which entered Romance through Italian; French magasin moved from 'storehouse' to 'shop'. Spanish almacén took the Arabic directly, article and all.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el francès ha seguit el seu propi camí.