Francès per a qui parla romanès
Ja saps més francès del que et penses. De les 2.264 paraules quotidianes de Cognata, 1.329 tenen un cognat en romanès: la mateixa paraula, remodelada per segles de parla. Comença per aquestes, aprèn els canvis regulars que uneixen les dues llengües i no perdis de vista els falsos amics.
Fixa la teva combinació en romanès → francès i obre els cognats.
- comparteixen origen
- 59 %
- heretades a totes dues bandes
- 12 %
- per aprendre de zero
- 41 %
2.264 paraules comparades
Paraules que ja coneixes
Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en romanès i en francès venen del mateix origen.
Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues
Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en romanès en el seu cognat en francès: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)ie, i (open syllable); e (closed)PETRAMpiatrăpierre
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)eu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)NOVUMnouneuf
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept); â before n (câine)e, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)MAREmaremer
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [y]LŪNAMlunălune
- AU becomes oau (kept); ău unstressedo (spelled o or au)AURUMauror
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)nasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentPĀNEMpâinepain
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fiufils
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenkept (p t c)v; t, c lostVĪTAMvităvie
- C before E and Itʃ (c)s (c, ç)CAELUMcerciel
- French CA becomes chaca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)cha, che, chie [ʃ]CABALLUMcalcheval
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)j, g [ʒ]IOCUMjocjeu
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)v kept; B between vowels → vVĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (alt, cald)l → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eauALTERUMaltautre
- CTptit (i + t)NOCTEMnoaptenuit
- L + yodi [j] (the l lost)il, ill [j]FOLIAMfoaiefeuille
- C'L inside a wordchi, che [kʲ]il, ill [j]OCULUMochiœil
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordCL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptcl- pl- fl- (kept)CLĀVEMcheieclé
- NN, GN and N + yodNI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)gn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a words- (kept)é- (from es-, s lost)STELLAMsteaétoile
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)COSTAMcoastăcôte
- Italian assimilates clusterspt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, pssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → sSEPTEMșaptesept
- Final vowels-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantdropped; -A → mute -eLUPUMluploup
- Plurals: -s or -i-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neuters-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)lupiloups
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tate-téCĪVITĀTEMcetatecité
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)-tion (learned); inherited -sonRATIŌNEMrațiune (learned)raison
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ar, -are (căldare)-ier, -ièreCALDĀRIAMcăldarechaudière
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianr (cer, fir, sare)l keptFĪLUMfirfil
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)n kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowelLĀNAMlânălaine
- Romanian turns velars into labialspt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)it, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)OCTŌopthuit
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]t, d, s keptDĪCEREzicedire
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn kept (pâine, vin)n silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)PĀNEMpâinepain
Falsos amics a vigilar
Encara no hi ha paranys clàssics entre aquestes dues llengües a Cognata, però cada pàgina de paraula assenyala els que coneix.
Paraules per aprendre de zero
Paraules comunes en què el francès ha seguit el seu propi camí.