Espanyol per a qui parla francès

comparteixen origen

70 %

heretades a totes dues bandes

24 %

per aprendre de zero

30 %

2.264 paraules comparades

Paraules que ja coneixes

Paraules quotidianes les formes de les quals en francès i en espanyol venen del mateix origen.

• je→yo
• il→él
• si→si
• non→no
• ou→o
• nous→nosotros
• et→y
• bras→brazo
• chat→gato
• vache→vaca
• oreille→oreja
• œuf→huevo
• œil→ojo
• pour→para
• comment→cómo
• clé→llave
• homme→hombre
• vieux→viejo
• mer→mar
• elle→ella
• ciel→cielo
• fils→hijo
• soleil→sol
• qui→quién

Les lleis fonètiques entre totes dues

Canvis regulars que converteixen una paraula en francès en el seu cognat en espanyol: aprèn-ne un i et servirà per a centenars de paraules.

• Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)→ie (open and closed syllables)PETRAMpierre→piedra
• Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)→ue (open and closed syllables)NOVUMneuf→nuevo
• French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)→a (kept)MAREmer→mar
• French fronts long U to [y]u [y]→u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlune→luna
• AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)→oAURUMor→oro
• French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silent→vowel + n keptPĀNEMpain→pan
• Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- kept→h- (silent); f- kept before ue and rFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fils→hijo
• Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lost→b d gVĪTAMvie→vida
• C before E and Is (c, ç)→θ (c, z); s where there is seseoCAELUMciel→cielo
• French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]→ca keptCABALLUMcheval→caballo
• Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]→j [x] before a back vowel; y-, h- or nothing before eIOCUMjeu→juego
• B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → v→one sound: b, v = [b] (soft [β] between vowels)VĪNUMvin→vino
• Germanic W- becomes gu- / g-g(u)- [g]→gu- ([gw] before a, o; [g] before e, i)Germanic *WERRAguerre→guerra
• L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eau→al → o (otro); ult → uch (mucho); often keptALTERUMautre→otro
• CTit (i + t)→ch [tʃ]NOCTEMnuit→noche
• L + yodil, ill [j]→j [x]FOLIAMfeuille→hoja
• C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]→j [x]OCULUMœil→ojo
• CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)→ll- (often)CLĀVEMclé→llave
• NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)→ñ [ɲ]ANNUMan→año
• S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)→es-STELLAMétoile→estrella
• French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)→s keptFESTAMfête→fiesta
• Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → s→simplified: pt → t; mn → ñ; x → j [x] or sSEPTEMsept→siete
• Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e→-o, -a, -e kept; -e dropped after a single r, l, n, s, d, zLUPUMloup→lobo
• Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)→-s, -es (from the accusative)LUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loups→lobos
• -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té→-dad (-tad in some words after a consonant)CĪVITĀTEMcité→ciudad
• -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son→-ción (learned); inherited -zónRATIŌNEMraison→razón
• -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière→-ero, -eraCABALLĀRIUMchevalier→caballero
• Adverbs in -mente / -ment-ment→-menteCLĀRĀ MENTEclairement→claramente
• Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl kept→l keptFĪLUMfil→hilo
• Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal vowel→n keptLĀNAMlaine→lana
• Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)→ch, j, ñ; cu, gu (velar kept or palatalized)OCTŌhuit→ocho
• Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s kept→t, d, s keptDĪCEREdire→decir
• Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)→n kept (pan, vino)PĀNEMpain→pan

Falsos amics a vigilar

• large (Francès) vol dir «wide» · largo (Espanyol) vol dir «long»

  Same Latin LARGUM 'abundant'. French large is 'wide' (and English large 'big' came from it); Spanish largo is 'long'.

• salir (Espanyol) vol dir «to go out, leave» · salir (Francès) vol dir «to make dirty»

  Coincidence. Spanish salir is Latin SALĪRE 'to jump'; French salir comes from sale 'dirty', of Frankish origin (*salo 'murky').

• attendre (Francès) vol dir «to wait (for)» · atender (Espanyol) vol dir «to attend to, serve»

  Both from Latin ATTENDERE 'to stretch toward, pay attention'. French went from 'paying attention to' to 'waiting for'; Spanish kept the attention.

• rester (Francès) vol dir «to stay» · restar (Espanyol) vol dir «to subtract»

  Both from Latin RESTĀRE 'to stay behind, remain'. Spanish restar went from 'what remains' to 'take away' (lo que resta still means 'what is left').

• quitter (Francès) vol dir «to leave (a place, a person)» · quitar (Espanyol) vol dir «to remove, take off»

  Both from Medieval Latin QUIĒTĀRE 'to set free (of a debt)', from QUIĒTUS 'at rest'. French frees itself of a place; Spanish frees something from its place.

• entendre (Francès) vol dir «to hear» · entender (Espanyol) vol dir «to understand»

  Both from Latin INTENDERE 'to direct (the mind) toward'. French shifted to hearing, keeping 'understand' only in phrases (laisser entendre, bien entendu); Spanish kept understanding.

• ropa (Espanyol) vol dir «clothes» · robe (Francès) vol dir «dress»

  Both from Germanic *rauba 'booty, spoils' — clothes being what was stripped from the defeated (Spanish robar 'to steal' is the same root). Spanish generalized it; French narrowed it to one garment.

• demander (Francès) vol dir «to ask (for)» · demandar (Espanyol) vol dir «to sue; to demand»

  Both from Latin DĒMANDĀRE 'to entrust'. French softened it to ordinary asking (as did Italian domandare); Spanish kept the legal claim.

• nombre (Espanyol) vol dir «name» · nombre (Francès) vol dir «number»

  Two Latin words that converged: Spanish nombre is NŌMEN 'name', from its oblique stem NŌMINE (m'n → mbr), French nombre is NUMERUM 'number' (m'r → mbr).

• user (Francès) vol dir «to wear out» · usar (Espanyol) vol dir «to use»

  Both from spoken Latin *ŪSĀRE, built on ŪSUS 'use'. French narrowed it to using something up (user ses chaussures); user de 'to make use of' survives only in formal French.

• envie (Francès) vol dir «desire, urge (avoir envie de: to want)» · envidia (Espanyol) vol dir «envy»

  Both from Latin INVIDIAM 'envy'. French envie still can mean envy, but its everyday use is 'wanting'; j'ai envie de café is 'I feel like a coffee', not jealousy.

• crier (Francès) vol dir «to shout» · criar (Espanyol) vol dir «to raise, bring up»

  Coincidence. French crier comes from spoken Latin *CRĪTĀRE (classical QUIRĪTĀRE 'to cry out') — the source of Spanish gritar too; Spanish criar is CREĀRE 'to create, beget'.

Paraules per aprendre de zero

Paraules comunes en què l’espanyol ha seguit el seu propi camí.

• dansen
• mauvaismalo
• litcama
• boîtecaja
• garçonchico
• maispero
• voiturecoche
• papapapá
• jourdía
• chienperro
• loinlejos
• grosgordo