Il rumeno per chi parla catalano
Sai già più rumeno di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.312 hanno un’affine in catalano: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su catalano → rumeno e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 58%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 12%
- da imparare da zero
- 42%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in catalano e in rumeno vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in catalano nella sua affine in rumeno: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into iee [ɛ] (no diphthong); i next to a palatal (llit)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpedrapiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / euo [ɔ] (no diphthong)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMnounou
- French stressed free A becomes ea (kept)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmarmare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [u] (kept)u [u] (kept)LŪNAMllunalună
- AU becomes ooau (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal voweloral vowel; final n after the stress lost (pa, vi)vowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpapâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)fillfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenb (v) d g; p t c again at the end of a word (amic, agut)kept (p t c)VĪTAMvidavită
- C before E and Is (c, ç); between vowels lost, or u at the end (veí, deu)tʃ (c)CAELUMcelcer
- French CA becomes chaca keptca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMcavallcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjocjoc
- B and V merge in Spanishmerged as in Spanish (Central Catalan); v kept in Balearic and parts of Valenciav kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvivin
- L before a consonant becomes ul kept (altre, falç)l kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMaltrealt
- CTit, t (the i absorbed by the vowel: nit, fet)ptNOCTEMnitnoapte
- L + yodll [ʎ]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfullafoaie
- C'L inside a wordll [ʎ]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMullochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclaucheie
- NN, GN and N + yodny [ɲ], also from NN (any)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManyan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordes-s- (kept)STELLAMestrellastea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s kepts keptCOSTAMcostacoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified: pt → t, mn → n; x → ix [ʃ]pt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMsetșapte
- Final vowelsdropped except -a (said [ə]); -e kept after clusters-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlloplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -es (from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)llopslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-tat-tateCĪVITĀTEMciutatcetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-ció (learned); inherited -ó (raó, tió)-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraórațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-er, -era-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMcalderacăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept; lost where it became final (mà; see final-n)n kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMllanalână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit/t, ix [ʃ], ny; qu, gupt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌvuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirzice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordlost (pa, vi); back in the plural (pans, vins)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpapâine
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il rumeno ha fatto di testa sua.