Il rumeno per chi parla francese
Sai già più rumeno di quanto pensi. Delle 2.264 parole quotidiane di Cognata, 1.329 hanno un’affine in francese: la stessa parola, rimodellata da secoli di parlato. Parti da quelle, impara i cambiamenti regolari che legano le due lingue e tieni d’occhio i falsi amici.
Imposta la combinazione su francese → rumeno e apre le parole affini.
- hanno la stessa origine
- 59%
- ereditate da entrambe
- 12%
- da imparare da zero
- 41%
2.264 parole a confronto
Parole che conosci già
Parole quotidiane le cui forme in francese e in rumeno vengono dalla stessa origine.
Le leggi fonetiche tra le due
Cambiamenti regolari che trasformano una parola in francese nella sua affine in rumeno: imparane uno e vale per centinaia di parole.
- Stressed short E breaks into ieie, i (open syllable); e (closed)ie; ia before a or ă (piatră); fused with a preceding d, t (zece, țară)PETRAMpierrepiatră
- Stressed short O breaks into ue / uo / eueu, œu (open syllable); o (closed)o; oa [o̯a] when a or e follows (poartă, moarte)NOVUMneufnou
- French stressed free A becomes ee, è, é; ie after a palatal (chien)a (kept); â before n (câine)MAREmermare
- French fronts long U to [y]u [y]u [u] (kept)LŪNAMlunelună
- AU becomes oo (spelled o or au)au (kept); ău unstressedAURUMoraur
- French vowel + nasal becomes a nasal vowelnasal vowel (ɑ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃); n/m silentvowel + n kept; vowel raised before n (pâine, mână, timp)PĀNEMpainpâine
- Spanish initial F- becomes h- (silent)f- keptf- keptFĪLIUM (fr. from nom. FĪLIUS)filsfiu
- Voiceless stops between vowels softenv; t, c lostkept (p t c)VĪTAMvievită
- C before E and Is (c, ç)tʃ (c)CAELUMcielcer
- French CA becomes chacha, che, chie [ʃ]ca kept (câ-, că- in Romanian spelling)CABALLUMchevalcal
- Initial I- (J-) and G before E, Ij, g [ʒ]j [ʒ] (joc); g [dʒ] before e, i (ger)IOCUMjeujoc
- B and V merge in Spanishv kept; B between vowels → vv kept; B and V between vowels often lost (cal)VĪNUMvinvin
- L before a consonant becomes ul → u, fused with the vowel: au [o], ou [u], eaul kept (alt, cald)ALTERUMautrealt
- CTit (i + t)ptNOCTEMnuitnoapte
- L + yodil, ill [j]i [j] (the l lost)FOLIAMfeuillefoaie
- C'L inside a wordil, ill [j]chi, che [kʲ]OCULUMœilochi
- CL-, PL-, FL- at the start of a wordcl- pl- fl- (kept)CL- → che-, chi- [kʲ]; PL-, FL- keptCLĀVEMclécheie
- NN, GN and N + yodgn [ɲ]; NN → n (nasal vowel at the end)NI → i (vie); GN → mn (pumn); NN → n (an)ANNUManan
- S + consonant at the start of a wordé- (from es-, s lost)s- (kept)STELLAMétoilestea
- French loses S before a consonant (^)s lost; often marked ^ (ê â ô î û)s keptCOSTAMcôtecoastă
- Italian assimilates clusterssimplified or lost: pt → t; x → spt and mn kept (șapte, somn); x → s, psSEPTEMseptșapte
- Final vowelsdropped; -A → mute -e-a → -ă, -e kept; -o (-U) dropped after a single consonantLUPUMlouplup
- Plurals: -s or -i-s, -x (written, mostly silent; from the accusative)-i, -e (like Italian); -uri for many neutersLUPŌS (acc.) / LUPĪ (nom.)loupslupi
- -TĀTEM: -dad, -té, -tà-té-tateCĪVITĀTEMcitécetate
- -TIŌNEM: learned -ción, inherited -zón-tion (learned); inherited -son-țiune (learned); inherited -ciune (tăciune)RATIŌNEMraisonrațiune (learned)
- -ĀRIUM: -ero, -ier, -aio-ier, -ière-ar, -are (căldare)CALDĀRIAMchaudièrecăldare
- Single L between vowels: lost in Portuguese, r in Romanianl keptr (cer, fir, sare)FĪLUMfilfir
- Portuguese loses single N between vowelsn kept between vowels; at the end, a nasal voweln kept; a before it raised to â (lână, mână)LĀNAMlainelână
- Romanian turns velars into labialsit, iss, gn; qu (velar kept, palatalized or lost)pt, ps, mn; p, b (labial)OCTŌhuitopt
- Romanian T, D, S before i become ț, z, șt, d, s keptț [ts], z, ș [ʃ]DĪCEREdirezice
- Catalan drops -n at the end of a wordn silent, vowel nasal (pain, vin)n kept (pâine, vin)PĀNEMpainpâine
Falsi amici da tenere d’occhio
Ancora nessuna trappola classica tra queste due in Cognata, ma ogni pagina di parola segnala quelle che conosce.
Parole da imparare da zero
Parole comuni in cui il rumeno ha fatto di testa sua.